Vocabulary to help prepare for common IELTS topics

Vocabulary to help prepare for common IELTS topics

The IELTS test can feel daunting, but with the right preparation, you can conquer it! A strong vocabulary is key to success across all sections – Reading, Writing, Listening, and Speaking. Here, we’ll explore some essential vocabulary for common IELTS topics, equipping you to discuss them with confidence.

Here’s a list of vocabulary words for IELTS, organized alphabetically from A to Z:

Words	Meaning	Example
Abandon	To leave behind or give up completely	She felt compelled to abandon her career in favor of traveling the world.
Abate	To become less intense or widespread; to diminish or subside	The storm began to abate, allowing residents to return to their homes.
Abbreviate	To shorten or condense (a word or phrase)	“Doctor” is often abbreviated as “Dr.”
Abdicate	To renounce or relinquish power, authority, or responsibility	The king was forced to abdicate the throne due to pressure from the people.
Abhor	To regard with disgust or hatred	She abhorred the idea of eating insects.
Abide	To accept or act in accordance with a rule, decision, or recommendation	He promised to abide by the terms of the contract.
Ability	The capacity to do something; talent or skill	Her ability to speak multiple languages impressed her colleagues.
Abrupt	Sudden and unexpected; brief to the point of rudeness	His abrupt departure left everyone surprised.
Absolve	To free someone from blame, guilt, or responsibility	The court absolved him of all charges.
Abstract	Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence; theoretical or conceptual	Love is an abstract concept that can be difficult to define.
Absurd	Wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate	The idea of flying without wings seemed absurd to her.
Abundance	A very large quantity of something; plentifulness	The garden was filled with an abundance of colorful flowers.
Accelerate	To increase in rate, amount, or extent; to move faster	The car began to accelerate as it approached the highway.
Accentuate	To emphasize or make more noticeable	Her dress accentuated her figure beautifully.
Accessible	Easy to approach, reach, or obtain; obtainable or available	The library is easily accessible from the main road.
Accommodate	To fit in with the wishes or needs of someone; to provide with something desired or needed	The hotel was able to accommodate our request for a late checkout.
Accomplish	To achieve or complete successfully; to carry out or finish	Despite the challenges, they were able to accomplish their goal.
Accurate	Correct in all details; exact or precise	The map provided accurate directions to the destination.
Accumulate	To gather or collect, often over time	Dust had accumulated on the old bookshelves.
Acquire	To buy or obtain for oneself through effort or action	She acquired a new skill after months of practice.
Adapt	To adjust or modify to fit a different purpose or situation	Living in a foreign country forced her to adapt to a new way of life.
Adequate	Sufficient or satisfactory for a specific purpose or need	The supplies were deemed adequate for the upcoming project.
Adhere	To stick fast to a surface or substance; to follow closely or faithfully	The tapestry adhered to the wall with ease.
Adjacent	Next to or adjoining something; neighboring	The hotel room was located adjacent to the conference center.
Adjust	To alter or adapt something in response to a new situation or need	She adjusted the thermostat to make the room warmer.
Administer	To manage or supervise the execution, use, or conduct of something	The nurse administered the medication to the patient.
Admire	To regard with respect, approval, or pleasure; to look at with pleasure	She admired his dedication to his work.
Adorn	To decorate or add beauty to something	The walls of the room were adorned with colorful paintings.
Advance	To move forward in a purposeful way; to promote or further a cause or enterprise	They advanced slowly through the dense forest.
Advantage	A condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior position	His height gave him an advantage in basketball.
Adversary	An opponent or enemy	The two teams faced each other as adversaries on the field.
Adversity	Difficulties or misfortune	She faced adversity with courage and determination.
Advocate	A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy	She was an advocate for animal rights.
Aesthetic	Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty; pleasing in appearance	The design of the building was both functional and aesthetic.
Affable	Friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to	Despite his busy schedule, he always had time for an affable conversation.
Affect	To produce a change or influence something	The economic downturn affected businesses across the country.
Affluent	Wealthy or having an abundance of wealth	The neighborhood was home to many affluent families.
Aggravate	To make a situation worse or more serious	His constant complaints only served to aggravate the problem.
Aggregate	A whole formed by combining several separate elements; total	The aggregate value of the company’s assets was impressive.
Agile	Able to move quickly and easily; nimble	The gymnast displayed agile movements on the balance beam.
Agitate	To make someone feel anxious or troubled; to stir up or disturb	The loud noises from the construction site agitated the residents.
Agony	Extreme physical or mental suffering or pain	She endured agonizing pain after the accident.
Aid	Assistance or support given to someone in need	The Red Cross provided aid to the victims of the natural disaster.
Aim	To intend or direct for a particular purpose or goal	He aimed the ball carefully before throwing it.
Airy	Spacious and well-lit; having an open and light appearance	The apartment had an airy feel thanks to its large windows.
Alert	Quick to notice any unusual or potentially dangerous situation	The lifeguard remained alert while on duty at the beach.
Alleviate	To make suffering, deficiency, or a problem less severe or serious	The medication helped alleviate the symptoms of the illness.
Allocate	To distribute or apportion for a specific purpose or task	The company allocated funds for research and development.
Allude	To suggest or call attention to indirectly or vaguely	The author’s speech alluded to themes of love and loss.
Ally	A state formally cooperating with another for a military or other purpose; a partner or friend	The two countries became allies in the fight against terrorism.
Alter	To change or make different in some particular way	She decided to alter her appearance by dyeing her hair a different color.
Alternative	One of two or more available possibilities; a choice	The committee considered alternative options before making a decision.
Ambiguous	Open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning	The instructions were ambiguous and left room for confusion.
Ambition	A strong desire to achieve something or succeed	Her ambition was to become a successful entrepreneur.
Ambivalence	The state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something	She felt ambivalence about the decision to move to a new city.
Amiable	Friendly and pleasant	She had an amiable personality that made her easy to get along with.
Ample	Enough or more than enough; plentiful	The spacious kitchen had ample room for cooking and entertaining.
Amplify	To increase the volume, amount, or strength of something	The microphone amplified her voice so that everyone could hear her clearly.
Ancestor	A person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended	Genealogy enthusiasts often research their ancestors to learn about their family history.
Anchor	A heavy object attached to a rope or chain and used to moor a vessel to the sea bottom; a source of stability	The ship dropped anchor in the harbor to wait out the storm.
Ancient	Belonging to the very distant past; having been in existence for a very long time	The ancient ruins provided clues about the civilization that once thrived there.
Animate	To give life or energy to something; to make lively or spirited	His passionate speech animated the audience.
Announce	To make a formal or public statement about something	The mayor announced plans for a new community center.
Anomaly	Something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected	The scientist discovered an anomaly in the data that required further investigation.
Anonymous	Without a name or other identifying information	The donation was made by an anonymous benefactor.
Anticipate	To regard as probable; to expect or predict	She anticipated a busy day ahead and prepared accordingly.
Anxiety	A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome	He felt a sense of anxiety before the job interview.
Apparent	Clearly visible or understood; obvious	The apparent lack of progress concerned the project manager.
Appeal	To make a serious or urgent request	The charity made an appeal for donations to support its humanitarian efforts.
Applaud	To show approval or praise, typically by clapping hands together vigorously	The audience applauded loudly after the performance.
Appoint	To assign a job or role to someone officially; to designate or nominate for a position	The company decided to appoint her as the new CEO.
Appreciate	To recognize the value or significance of something; to be grateful for something	She appreciated the support her friends gave her during a difficult time.
Approach	To come near or nearer to someone or something in distance or time; to begin to deal with or study	We decided to approach the problem from a different angle.
Appropriate	Suitable or proper in the circumstances; to take something for one’s own use, typically without permission	She felt that the dress was appropriate for the occasion.
Aptitude	A natural ability to do something well; talent or skill	She showed an aptitude for mathematics from a young age.
Arbitrary	Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system	The decision seemed arbitrary and unfair to many people.
Arid	Lacking in interest, excitement, or meaning; dry and barren (referring to land or climate)	The arid desert landscape stretched out before us.
Arise	To emerge or become apparent; to get up from sitting, lying, or kneeling	He apologized for any problems that might arise during the meeting.
Arrange	To organize or make plans for something; to set something in a particular position or order	She arranged the books on the shelf according to size.
Array	An impressive display or range of a particular type of thing	The store had an array of options for customers to choose from.
Arrogant	Having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one’s own importance or abilities	His arrogant behavior alienated many of his coworkers.
Articulate	Having or showing the ability to speak fluently and coherently	She was known for her articulate speeches on social issues.
Artificial	Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally; fake or insincere	The flowers on the table looked artificial but still added a touch of color to the room.
Ascend	To go up or climb; to rise through the air or through a medium	The hikers began to ascend the steep mountain trail.
Ascent	An instance of rising or climbing; upward slope or movement	The plane began its ascent into the sky.
Ascribe	To attribute something to a particular cause, source, or origin	Some ascribe the painting to a famous artist, while others believe it is a copy.
Assert	To state a fact or belief confidently or forcefully; to demonstrate one’s power or authority	She asserted her innocence in the face of accusations.
Assess	To evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something	Teachers often use tests to assess their students’ progress.
Assign	To allocate or designate something for a particular purpose or to a particular person	He assigned each team member a specific task to complete.
Assimilate	To take in and understand fully; to absorb and integrate into a wider culture or society	Immigrants often go through a process of assimilating into their new country’s customs and traditions.
Associate	To connect or bring into relation; to join in a common purpose or action	She was happy to associate with people who shared her interests.
Assume	To take or begin to have (power or responsibility); to suppose to be the case, without proof	He assumed control of the company after the previous CEO resigned.
Assure	To tell someone something positively or confidently to dispel any doubts they may have	He assured her that everything would be fine.
Astonish	To fill with sudden wonder or amazement; to greatly surprise or impress	The magician’s tricks never failed to astonish the audience.
Astound	To shock or greatly surprise someone by doing or saying something unexpected	The news of her sudden resignation astounded her colleagues.
Astringent	Sharp or severe in manner or style; having a tightening effect on the skin	The astringent taste of the lemonade made her lips pucker.
Asylum	The protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee	He sought asylum in a neighboring country after fleeing persecution in his homeland.
Asymmetrical	Having parts that fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement	The artist’s abstract painting featured asymmetrical shapes and bold colors.
Athlete	A person who is proficient in sports and other forms of physical exercise	The athlete trained rigorously for the upcoming competition.
Atmosphere	The pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or work of art	The cozy atmosphere of the café made it a popular spot for locals to relax and unwind.

Words	Meaning	Example
Backlash	A strong negative reaction by a large number of people against something recently introduced or changed	The new policy caused a backlash from employees who felt it was unfair.
Backlog	A large amount of work that has accumulated and needs to be dealt with	The company had a backlog of orders to fulfill due to delays in production.
Backtrack	To go back on a previous course of action or statement	The politician had to backtrack on his promises after facing criticism from the public.
Baffle	To confuse or perplex someone thoroughly	The complex instructions baffled even the most experienced engineers.
Balance	An even distribution of weight or force in order to enable someone or something to remain upright	The gymnast demonstrated remarkable balance during her routine.
Banish	To send someone away from a country or place as an official punishment	The king banished the traitor from the kingdom.
Barren	Not able to produce offspring; infertile; bleak and lifeless; lacking vegetation	The desert was barren, with no signs of life for miles around.
Barrier	A fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access; a circumstance that prevents progress or communication	Language barriers can make it difficult for people from different cultures to understand each other.
Bear	To carry the weight or responsibility of something; to endure or tolerate something unpleasant	She couldn’t bear the thought of losing her best friend.
Beat	To strike repeatedly; to defeat someone in a game, competition, or argument	The drummer beat the drums rhythmically.
Beckon	To make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to encourage someone to come nearer or follow	The tour guide beckoned us to follow her into the ancient ruins.
Beg	To ask someone earnestly or humbly for something	The beggar begged passersby for spare change.
Behold	To see or observe (a thing or person, especially a remarkable or impressive one)	Behold! The majestic mountain stood before us in all its glory.
Belief	An acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists; trust, faith, or confidence in someone or something	His belief in himself gave him the confidence to pursue his dreams.
Beneficial	Favorable or advantageous; resulting in good	Regular exercise is beneficial for both physical and mental health.
Benevolent	Well-meaning and kindly; charitable or generous	The wealthy philanthropist was known for his benevolent acts towards the less fortunate.
Betray	To be disloyal to someone’s trust or confidence; to reveal secrets or information	She felt betrayed when she discovered her friend had been spreading rumors about her.
Bias	Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair	The journalist’s bias was evident in the way she framed her questions during the interview.
Bizarre	Very strange or unusual	The artist’s latest sculpture was a bizarre creation that left viewers puzzled.
Blaze	A large or strong fire that spreads rapidly; a bright display of color or light	The firefighters worked tirelessly to control the blaze.
Blend	To mix or combine different substances or elements together to form a coherent whole	The chef blended the ingredients together to create a delicious sauce.
Blessing	A beneficial thing for which one is grateful; something that brings well-being or happiness	The rain was a blessing for the farmers after a long period of drought.
Bliss	Perfect happiness or great joy	She experienced a moment of bliss as she watched the sunset over the ocean.
Bloated	Swollen or distended; excessively large or inflated	The bloated bureaucracy was slow to respond to the needs of the citizens.
Blossom	The state or period of flowering; a flower or group of flowers; to develop or come into existence; to flourish or thrive	The cherry trees blossomed in the spring, filling the air with their sweet fragrance.
Blunder	A stupid or careless mistake; to make such a mistake	His blunder cost the team the game.
Boast	To talk with excessive pride and self-satisfaction about one’s achievements, possessions, or abilities	He boasted about his new car to anyone who would listen.
Bold	Showing an ability to take risks; confident and courageous; (of a color or design) having a strong or vivid appearance	She made a bold decision to quit her job and start her own business.
Boost	To help or encourage something to increase or improve; to push or shove from below	The advertising campaign helped to boost sales for the company.
Boundary	A line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line or border; a limit or restriction	There must be clear boundaries between work and personal life.
Breeze	A gentle wind; an easy task or situation	We enjoyed a pleasant breeze as we sat on the beach.
Brisk	Quick and active; characterized by speed or liveliness; pleasantly cool or invigorating	We took a brisk walk around the park to get some exercise.
Brittle	Hard but liable to break or shatter easily; lacking warmth, depth, or generosity	The brittle branches snapped under the weight of the snow.
Broadcast	To transmit (a program or some information) by radio or television; to spread widely	The radio station broadcast the news of the upcoming event to listeners across the country.
Brochure	A small book or magazine containing pictures and information about a product or service	She picked up a brochure about the local tourist attractions.
Bureaucracy	A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives	The bureaucracy slowed down the process of obtaining a permit.
Burden	A heavy load, typically carried by people or animals; a duty or responsibility that causes worry or difficulty	The burden of caring for her aging parents weighed heavily on her shoulders.
Burgeon	To begin to grow or increase rapidly; to flourish or expand	The city’s population burgeoned as people moved there in search of better opportunities.
Buzz	A low, continuous humming or murmuring sound, made by or similar to that made by an insect; a feeling of excitement or energy	There was a buzz of excitement in the air as the concert was about to begin.
Bypass	A road or passage that avoids or “bypasses” a built-up area, town, or congested area; to avoid or circumvent (a rule or restriction)	The new highway bypasses the city, allowing drivers to avoid heavy traffic.

Words	Meaning	Example
Calculate	To determine or ascertain (a quantity, amount, or degree) mathematically; to compute	She needed to calculate the total cost of the project before submitting the budget proposal.
Calibrate	To adjust or standardize (a measuring instrument) to a known value to ensure accuracy	The technician had to calibrate the scale to ensure that it provided accurate measurements.
Calm	Free from excitement or passion; peaceful; not showing or feeling nervousness, anger, or other strong emotions	She took deep breaths to calm her nerves before the presentation.
Candid	Truthful and straightforward; frank and honest; free from bias or malice	His candid remarks during the interview impressed the hiring committee.
Capacity	The maximum amount that something can contain or produce; the ability to understand or learn something	The stadium has a seating capacity of 50,000 people.
Capitalize	To take advantage of; to use (a situation or circumstance) to gain an advantage	The company capitalized on the popularity of the product by releasing a new version.
Captivate	To attract and hold the interest and attention of someone by being interesting, exciting, or charming	The speaker captivated the audience with her inspiring words.
Carefree	Free from anxiety or responsibility; not worried or troubled	The carefree attitude of the children as they played in the park was infectious.
Caress	To touch or stroke gently or lovingly, especially in a manner that shows affection; to treat with tenderness or care	She caressed the puppy’s fur as it slept in her lap.
Cautious	Careful to avoid potential problems or dangers; prudent; wary	The hiker was cautious when crossing the narrow bridge over the ravine.
Cease	To bring or come to an end; to stop; to discontinue	The fighting ceased when the two sides reached a peace agreement.
Celebrate	To mark (a significant event or occasion) with festivities or other special observances	We gathered to celebrate her graduation with a party.
Censure	To express severe disapproval of (someone or something), typically in a formal statement	The board voted to censure the senator for his unethical behavior.
Centralize	To bring something under centralized control or management; to concentrate power or authority	The company decided to centralize its operations to improve efficiency.
Cerebral	Intellectual rather than emotional or physical; relating to the brain or intellect	His novels are known for their cerebral themes and complex characters.
Challenge	A call to prove or justify something; a task or situation that tests someone’s abilities	The difficult math problem was a challenge for even the most advanced students.
Champion	To support, defend, or promote the interests or cause of; to fight for or defend vigorously	She was determined to champion the rights of the marginalized communities.
Chaos	Complete disorder and confusion; a state of total lack of organization or order	The scene descended into chaos as protesters clashed with police.
Charitable	Generous in giving money or help to those in need; relating to the assistance of those in need	The charitable organization provides food and shelter to homeless individuals.
Charismatic	Exercising a compelling charm that inspires devotion in others; possessing an engaging personality	The charismatic leader had a loyal following among his supporters.
Cherish	To protect and care for (someone) lovingly or affectionately; to hold something dear and deeply loved	She cherished the memories of her childhood spent with her grandparents.
Choice	An act of selecting or making a decision when faced with two or more possibilities; the right or ability to make such a decision	She had to make a difficult choice between staying in her hometown or pursuing her career elsewhere.
Circulate	To move or cause to move continuously or freely within a closed system or area	The air conditioning system circulated cool air throughout the building.
Clarity	The quality of being clear, coherent, and intelligible; the quality of being easy to understand	The instructions were written with clarity so that everyone could follow them.
Clash	A violent confrontation; a sharp disagreement or collision between people or groups; a loud, harsh noise	The clash between rival gangs resulted in several injuries.
Cleanse	To make (something, especially the skin) thoroughly clean; to rid (someone or something) of something unpleasant or unwanted	She cleansed her face with a gentle soap to remove dirt and oil.
Clever	Quick to understand, learn, and devise or apply ideas; intelligent and able to think quickly	The clever detective solved the mystery in record time.
Clumsy	Awkward in movement or action; lacking skill or dexterity; showing a lack of thought or consideration	He felt clumsy as he tried to dance at the wedding reception.
Coalesce	To come together and form one mass or whole; to unite or blend into a single entity	The diverse cultures coalesced to create a vibrant and dynamic community.
Coercion	The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats; the action or practice of coercing someone	The confession was obtained through coercion rather than genuine willingness.
Coincide	To occur at or during the same time; to correspond in nature or position; to be identical or equivalent	His birthday coincides with the start of the new school year.
Collapse	To fall down or give way suddenly; to fail suddenly and completely; to break down as a result of pressure or lack of support	The old building collapsed after years of neglect.
Collaborate	To work jointly on an activity, especially to produce or create something	The scientists collaborated on a research project to find a cure for the disease.
Colossal	Extremely large; enormous; gigantic; colossal in size, extent, or degree	The construction project required the removal of a colossal amount of earth.
Combine	To join or merge to form a single unit or substance; to unite for a common purpose	The two companies decided to combine their resources to compete more effectively.
Comfort	A state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint; the easing or alleviation of grief or distress	The soft cushions provided comfort after a long day at work.
Command	An authoritative order; to give an authoritative order; to be in control of; to have authority over	The general commanded his troops to advance.
Commence	To begin or start (an event, process, or action)	The ceremony commenced with the national anthem.
Comment	A verbal or written remark expressing an opinion or reaction; to express an opinion or reaction in speech or writing	She made a sarcastic comment about his fashion sense.
Commit	To carry out or perpetrate (a mistake, crime, or immoral act); to pledge or bind (someone) to a certain course or policy	He committed a serious error by sharing confidential information with unauthorized persons.
Commute	To travel some distance between one’s home and place of work on a regular basis; to reduce (a judicial sentence, especially a sentence of death) to another less severe one	She commutes to the city every day for work.
Compact	Closely and neatly packed together; small in size or scale; having all the necessary components or features closely packed together	The apartment had a compact kitchen with modern appliances.
Compassion	Sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others; the feeling or emotion that one has when they suffer with another	His compassion for the homeless inspired him to volunteer at a local shelter.
Compatible	Able to exist or occur together without conflict; able to be used together without conflict or disagreement	The new software is compatible with both Windows and Mac operating systems.
Compel	To force or oblige (someone) to do something; to make someone feel strongly that they must do something	The evidence was compelling, and he had no choice but to confess.
Compete	To strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others; to take part in a contest or competition	She trained hard to compete in the marathon.
Complement	A thing that completes or brings to perfection something else; to add to (something) in a way that enhances or improves it	The wine was a perfect complement to the meal.
Complex	Consisting of many different and connected parts; complicated or intricate	The problem was too complex for me to solve on my own.
Comprehend	To understand (something); to grasp the meaning or significance of something	It took her a while to comprehend the complexity of the situation.
Compromise	An agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions; to settle a dispute by mutual concession	They reached a compromise on the terms of the contract.
Compute	To calculate or reckon (a figure or amount)	He computed the total cost of the project before submitting the budget proposal.
Conceal	To keep from sight; to prevent from being known or noticed; to hide or keep secret	She concealed her surprise when she saw the unexpected guest.
Concede	To admit that something is true or valid after first denying or resisting it; to surrender or yield something	He conceded defeat and congratulated his opponent on a well-deserved victory.
Conceive	To form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind; to become pregnant with (a child)	She conceived the idea for the novel while traveling abroad.
Concentrate	To focus one’s attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity; to bring or come to a single point or focus	He needed to concentrate on his studies in order to pass the exam.
Concept	An abstract idea or general notion; a plan or intention; a mental impression or formulation	She presented a concept for a new advertising campaign.
Concern	A matter of interest or importance to someone; something that causes worry or anxiety; a feeling of worry or anxiety about something	His main concern was the safety of his family.

Words	Meaning	Example
Damage	Physical harm caused to something in such a way as to impair its value, usefulness, or normal function	The storm caused significant damage to the house, with several trees falling on the roof.
Dampen	To make something slightly wet or moist; to lessen the force or intensity of something	The rain began to dampen the ground, making it difficult to walk without getting wet.
Daring	Brave and courageous; willing to take risks or face danger without fear or hesitation	The daring explorer ventured into the unknown wilderness in search of rare treasures.
Dazzle	To impress or astonish someone with brilliance, skill, or virtuosity; to blind temporarily with bright light	The magician’s performance never failed to dazzle the audience with its stunning illusions.
Deadline	A time or date by which something must be completed or accomplished	The deadline for submitting the project proposal is next Friday.
Deafening	Extremely loud or noisy; causing temporary or permanent deafness	The deafening roar of the crowd drowned out the referee’s whistle.
Debatable	Open to discussion or argument; not clearly settled or decided; controversial	Whether or not to ban plastic bags is a debatable issue among environmentalists.
Debris	Scattered fragments, typically of something that has been destroyed or discarded	After the explosion, debris littered the streets, making it difficult to navigate.
Debt	Something that is owed or due, typically money, goods, or services; an obligation to repay or return something	He struggled to pay off his student debt after graduating from college.
Deceive	To deliberately cause someone to believe something that is not true; to mislead or trick	The con artist deceived the elderly couple into giving him their life savings.
Decipher	To convert (a text written in code, cipher, or obscure language) into normal language; to interpret or decode	The archaeologists worked tirelessly to decipher the ancient hieroglyphs inscribed on the tomb walls.
Declare	To announce or state something publicly or officially; to formally assert or proclaim	The president declared a state of emergency in response to the natural disaster.
Decline	To refuse to accept or do something; to decrease in strength, quality, or importance; to slope or lean downward	She politely declined the invitation to the party due to a prior commitment.
Decorate	To make something more attractive by adding ornamentation or embellishments; to adorn or beautify	They decorated the room with colorful balloons and streamers for the birthday party.
Dedicate	To devote (time, effort, or oneself) to a particular task or purpose; to set aside for a specific use or purpose	She dedicated her entire career to helping underprivileged children access education.
Defame	To damage the reputation of (someone) by spreading false or malicious statements about them	The tabloid newspaper sought to defame the actor with scandalous rumors and accusations.
Defect	A flaw or imperfection; a shortcoming or deficiency in a person’s character or behavior	The product was recalled due to a manufacturing defect that posed a safety risk to consumers.
Defend	To protect or safeguard (someone or something) from harm, danger, or attack; to argue in favor of	The soldiers defended the fortress against enemy invaders.
Define	To state or describe exactly the nature, scope, or meaning of something; to determine or establish boundaries	The terms of the contract clearly define the rights and responsibilities of both parties.
Defy	To openly resist or refuse to obey (a person, law, or convention); to challenge or confront boldly	The protesters defied the government’s ban on public gatherings by organizing a peaceful demonstration.
Delegate	To entrust (a task or responsibility) to another person, typically one who is less senior or experienced	The manager delegated the task of organizing the event to her assistant.
Deliberate	Done consciously and intentionally; carefully considered; to engage in discussion and consideration	After much deliberation, they reached a decision that satisfied everyone involved.
Delicate	Easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; fragile or vulnerable; requiring careful handling	She handled the delicate china tea set with great care.
Delight	A high degree of pleasure or enjoyment; something that gives great pleasure or satisfaction	The children squealed with delight when they saw the presents under the Christmas tree.
Delinquent	Showing a tendency to commit crime, particularly minor crime; failing to fulfill a duty or obligation	The school suspended the delinquent student for repeatedly skipping classes.
Deliver	To bring and hand over (a letter, goods, or services) to the proper recipient; to transport or convey	The courier will deliver the package to your doorstep by noon.
Demanding	Requiring great effort, skill, or attention; difficult or challenging to satisfy or fulfill	The demanding nature of his job often required him to work long hours and weekends.
Demise	The death of a person or the end of something; the time when something ceases to exist or function	The demise of the company was attributed to poor management and financial mismanagement.
Demolish	To completely destroy or tear down (a building or structure); to abolish or bring to an end	The old factory was demolished to make way for a new housing development.
Demonstrate	To show or prove something clearly and convincingly; to make a public show of support or opinion	The scientist demonstrated the effectiveness of the new vaccine through rigorous testing.
Denial	The action of refusing to admit the truth or existence of something; a refusal to fulfill a request or demand	He shook his head in denial when asked about his involvement in the incident.
Denounce	To publicly declare to be wrong or evil; to criticize or condemn vehemently	The activist denounced the government’s decision to cut funding for public education.
Depart	To leave, especially in order to start a journey; to deviate or diverge from a particular course or standard	The train departed from the station precisely on time.
Depict	To represent or show (someone or something) in a picture, painting, or other work of art; to describe or portray in words	The mural depicted scenes from the town’s rich history.
Deplete	To use up or exhaust a resource or supply; to greatly reduce the number or quantity of something	The prolonged drought depleted the region’s water reserves.
Deplore	To feel or express strong disapproval of something; to lament or regret deeply	The community deplored the senseless violence that had plagued their neighborhood.
Deposit	A sum of money placed or kept in a bank account, usually to gain interest; to place or leave something (usually money or a valuable item) for safekeeping	She made a deposit of $500 into her savings account.
Depreciate	To diminish in value over a period of time; to belittle or disparage	The value of the car depreciated significantly after it was involved in a major accident.
Depress	To make someone feel utterly disheartened, dejected, or despondent; to reduce the level or strength of something	The constant criticism from his supervisor began to depress his morale and productivity.
Deprive	To prevent (a person or place) from having or using something; to deny (someone) the possession or enjoyment of something	The pandemic deprived many families of their livelihoods.
Derail	To cause (a train or tram) to leave its tracks accidentally; to cause (a process or plan) to fail or be disrupted	The project was derailed by unexpected budget cuts.
Derive	To obtain or extract (something) from a specified source; to come from a particular source or origin	The word “chocolate” derives from the Aztec word “xocolātl.”
Descend	To move or fall downward; to lower oneself in status or dignity; to be related by genetic descent	The plane began to descend toward the airport runway.
Describe	To give a detailed account or representation of something in words; to characterize or outline	He described the suspect as a tall man with dark hair and a scar on his left cheek.
Deserve	To have earned or be worthy of something, especially as a result of one’s actions or qualities	She deserves all the praise she receives for her hard work and dedication.
Designate	To appoint or assign (someone) to a specific position or role; to specify or indicate something as selected or reserved	The sign designated the parking area for disabled visitors only.
Desire	A strong feeling of wanting to have or achieve something; a longing or craving	Her desire for success motivated her to work harder than ever before.
Desolate	Deserted and barren; bleak and empty; feeling or showing great unhappiness, loneliness, or sadness	The old, abandoned house looked desolate in the fading light of evening.
Desperate	Feeling or showing a sense of hopelessness or despair; urgently needing or wanting something	The family made a desperate plea for help after losing everything in the fire.
Despise	To feel contempt or a deep repugnance for; to regard with scorn, disgust, or intense dislike	She despised the way he treated his employees with disrespect and cruelty.

Words	Meaning	Example
Earn	To receive money in return for work or services performed; to gain or acquire something through effort or action	He worked hard to earn enough money to support his family.
Eager	Having or showing keen interest, enthusiasm, or readiness to do something; impatiently longing for something or to do something	The students were eager to start their summer vacation.
Earnest	Serious and sincere in intention, purpose, or effort; showing deep sincerity or conviction	She made an earnest apology for her mistake.
Ease	To make something less severe, painful, or difficult; to alleviate or reduce the intensity or severity of something	The medication helped ease his pain.
Eccentric	Unconventional or peculiar in behavior, appearance, or style; departing from norms or conventions; odd, quirky, or whimsical	The eccentric artist lived in a house filled with bizarre sculptures and paintings.
Eclectic	Deriving ideas, styles, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources or influences; diverse, varied, or multifaceted	Her taste in music was eclectic, ranging from classical to hip-hop.
Economical	Using resources or money carefully and efficiently; avoiding waste or extravagance	The new car was both economical to run and environmentally friendly.
Edge	The outer or furthest boundary or extremity of something; a sharp or pointed part along a surface or object; the brink or verge of something	The hiker cautiously approached the edge of the cliff.
Edit	To prepare written material for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or condensing it; to make changes to a document or piece of text	She spent hours editing her essay to ensure it was error-free.
Educate	To teach, instruct, or impart knowledge or skills to someone; to provide formal or systematic instruction or training	The organization’s primary mission is to educate disadvantaged children.
Effect	A change that is a result or consequence of an action, process, or event; the power or ability to produce a desired outcome or result	The new law had a profound effect on reducing crime rates.
Efficient	Performing or functioning in the best possible manner with the least waste of time, effort, or resources; achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort	The company implemented new procedures to make its operations more efficient.
Elaborate	Involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and intricate; to add more information or detail to something	She gave an elaborate explanation of the theory behind her research.
Elapse	(Of time) to pass or go by; to slip away or be spent	Several hours had elapsed before they realized they had been waiting for the wrong train.
Elastic	Able to stretch and return to its original shape and size; flexible, resilient, or adaptable	The elastic waistband on the pants made them comfortable to wear.
Elate	To make someone ecstatically happy or joyful; to fill with high spirits or exultation	Winning the championship title elated the entire team.
Elegance	Graceful and stylish in appearance or manner; refinement, beauty, or sophistication	The ballroom was decorated with an air of elegance for the grand gala.
Eloquent	Fluent, persuasive, and articulate in speech or writing; expressing oneself with forceful or persuasive effectiveness	His eloquent speech moved the audience to tears.
Elusive	Difficult to find, catch, achieve, or comprehend; evasive, elusive, or hard to pin down	The solution to the puzzle remained elusive despite their best efforts.
Embrace	To hold someone closely in one’s arms, especially as a sign of affection or greeting; to accept or support something enthusiastically	She embraced her friend warmly when they were reunited.
Emerge	To become visible or known; to come into existence or prominence; to rise or come forth from something or somewhere	The sun emerged from behind the clouds, casting a warm glow over the landscape.
Emit	To produce and discharge (something, especially gas or radiation) from a source; to give off or release something	The factory emitted harmful pollutants into the air.
Emotion	A strong feeling, such as joy, sadness, anger, or love, that arises subjectively rather than from conscious thought or logical reasoning	She struggled to control her emotions when she received the news.
Emphasize	To give special importance or prominence to something; to stress or highlight a particular aspect or feature	The coach emphasized the importance of teamwork to the success of the team.
Employ	To engage the services of someone or utilize something for a particular purpose; to make use of or apply	The company decided to employ new technology to streamline its operations.
Empower	To give someone the authority, power, or confidence to do something; to enable or permit	The organization aims to empower women by providing them with education and economic opportunities.
Emulate	To match or surpass a person or achievement, typically by imitation; to strive to equal or excel	He hoped to emulate his father’s success in business.
Enable	To give someone the means, opportunity, or authority to do something; to make something possible or feasible	The scholarship enabled him to pursue his dream of studying abroad.
Enchant	To fill someone with great delight, wonder, or fascination; to captivate or bewitch with magic or charm	The beautiful music enchanted the audience and transported them to another world.
Encourage	To give support, confidence, or hope to someone; to inspire or motivate someone to do something	His parents always encouraged him to pursue his dreams.
Endeavor	To try hard to achieve or accomplish something; to make an effort or strive towards a goal or objective	Despite the challenges, they endeavored to complete the project on time.
Endorse	To declare one’s public approval or support of something; to officially sign or validate a document, typically to indicate one’s agreement or authorization	The famous athlete endorsed the new sports drink in a television commercial.
Endure	To suffer (something painful or difficult) patiently; to tolerate or withstand adverse conditions or treatment	The soldiers endured many hardships during their time at war.
Energetic	Showing or involving great activity, vitality, or enthusiasm; having or showing a lot of energy	The children were energetic and full of life, running around the playground with boundless enthusiasm.
Engage	To occupy or involve someone’s attention or interest; to attract and hold someone’s interest or involvement	The teacher used interactive activities to engage her students in the lesson.
Enigma	A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand; something that is inexplicable or beyond comprehension	The disappearance of the famous magician remains an enigma to this day.
Enhance	To increase or improve the quality, value, or attractiveness of something; to intensify or augment	The new software features are designed to enhance the user experience.
Enrich	To improve or enhance the quality or value of something by adding desirable or valuable qualities; to make richer or more meaningful	The museum’s collection of artifacts enriches our understanding of ancient civilizations.
Enroll	To officially register or sign up for membership or participation in a course, program, or organization; to enlist or recruit	She enrolled in the university’s graduate program to pursue a master’s degree.
Ensure	To make certain that something will happen or be the case; to guarantee or secure something	We installed a security system to ensure the safety of our home.
Entertain	To provide amusement or enjoyment to someone; to host or provide hospitality to guests	The magician entertained the audience with his amazing tricks and illusions.
Enthusiasm	Intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval; great excitement or enthusiasm	Her enthusiasm for the project inspired others to get involved.
Entice	To attract or tempt someone by offering pleasure or advantage; to lure or persuade someone to do something	The restaurant enticed customers with the promise of free appetizers.
Entitle	To give someone a legal right or claim to do something; to qualify someone for or grant someone a specified benefit or privilege	The certificate entitled him to a discount at the store.
Envision	To imagine or visualize something as a future possibility; to foresee or anticipate	She envisioned a world where everyone had access to clean water and education.
Envy	A feeling of discontent or resentment aroused by someone else’s possessions, qualities, or luck	His success aroused envy among his peers.
Equalize	To make or become equal or uniform in status, rights, or opportunities; to balance or level out	The new legislation aimed to equalize educational opportunities for all children.
Equip	To supply someone or something with the necessary items or skills for a particular purpose or activity; to provide with the tools or equipment needed	The company equipped its employees with state-of-the-art technology to enhance their productivity.
Eradicate	To completely destroy or eliminate something; to wipe out or exterminate something	Efforts to eradicate the disease have been largely successful.

Words	Meaning	Example
Facilitate	To make an action or process easier or smoother; to assist or simplify a task or procedure	The new software was designed to facilitate communication between team members.
Fade	To gradually lose brightness, color, or intensity; to become less distinct or vivid over time	The colors of the sunset began to fade as night fell.
Faint	Lacking in strength or vigor; weak, feeble, or barely perceptible; to lose consciousness briefly due to a lack of oxygen or emotional distress	She felt faint after standing in the hot sun for hours.
Faith	Complete trust or confidence in someone or something; belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something	He had faith in his friend’s ability to solve the problem.
Faithful	Loyal, reliable, and steadfast in one’s allegiance or commitment; consistently true, accurate, or reliable	The dog remained faithful to its owner even in difficult times.
Famine	Extreme scarcity of food in a particular geographical area or population; widespread hunger and starvation	The country experienced a severe famine due to drought and crop failure.
Fancy	Elaborate or intricate in design, decoration, or structure; decorative or ornamental; to imagine or conceive of something in a whimsical or extravagant manner	She wore a fancy gown to the ball.
Fascinate	To attract and hold the attention or interest of someone; to captivate or enthrall with charm, beauty, or novelty	The intricate patterns on the butterfly’s wings fascinated the children.
Fatigue	Extreme tiredness or exhaustion resulting from physical or mental exertion; weariness or lethargy	After hiking for hours, they were overcome with fatigue.
Favorable	Showing approval, support, or preference for something; advantageous, positive, or conducive to success	The favorable weather conditions made for an enjoyable day at the beach.
Fearless	Lacking fear or apprehension; brave, courageous, or bold	Despite the danger, she approached the wild animal fearlessly.
Feature	A distinctive or characteristic attribute or quality of something; a prominent or noticeable aspect or detail	The new smartphone boasts many advanced features, including facial recognition and wireless charging.
Feasible	Possible to do or achieve within a reasonable amount of time, effort, or resources; practical or realistic	The proposed plan is feasible but will require careful planning and execution.
Fetch	To go and bring back something from a particular place; to retrieve or obtain something	The dog was trained to fetch the newspaper every morning.
Fickle	Likely to change frequently, suddenly, or unexpectedly; capricious, erratic, or inconsistent	His fickle mood swings made it difficult to predict his behavior.
Fierce	Having a violent, intense, or aggressive nature or demeanor; strong, forceful, or powerful	The fierce storm caused widespread damage to homes and buildings.
Figure	A numerical symbol representing a quantity or amount; a shape or form, especially a human form; a person’s bodily shape or proportions	The financial report included several figures and charts to illustrate the company’s performance.
Finite	Having limits or bounds; limited in size, extent, or duration	Our resources are finite, so we must use them wisely.
Flawless	Without any imperfections or defects; perfect, impeccable, or faultless	Her performance was flawless, earning her praise from the judges.
Fleeting	Lasting for a very short time; passing quickly; transient or ephemeral	The feeling of joy was fleeting, disappearing as quickly as it had come.
Flexible	Capable of bending or adapting easily without breaking; able to change or be changed easily according to circumstances; adaptable, versatile, or pliable	The flexible schedule allowed employees to work from home when needed.
Flourish	To grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous way; to thrive, prosper, or be successful	The business began to flourish after implementing a new marketing strategy.
Fluid	A substance that flows and is not solid; capable of flowing easily; smooth and graceful in motion	The artist created a fluid composition with watercolors.
Focus	The center of interest, attention, or activity; the central or most important point or purpose; to concentrate attention or effort on a particular subject or activity	The team needs to focus on improving their communication skills.
Fondness	Affection, liking, or sentimentality towards someone or something; a strong liking or preference	She had a fondness for classical music since childhood.
Forbid	To command or order someone not to do something; to prohibit or prevent someone from doing something	The sign forbids visitors from entering the restricted area.
Forceful	Strongly and assertively expressed or compelling in nature; characterized by physical strength or intensity; powerful or energetic	The speaker delivered a forceful argument in favor of stricter environmental regulations.
Foremost	Most prominent, important, or distinguished; leading or principal in rank, position, or importance	She is one of the foremost experts in the field of neuroscience.
Forfeit	To lose or be deprived of something as a penalty for wrongdoing or failure; to surrender or lose by failure to fulfill an obligation	He forfeited his deposit when he canceled the reservation at the last minute.
Formulate	To create or develop a plan, proposal, or strategy, typically in a systematic or methodical way; to express in precise terms or language	The committee will need to formulate a response to the proposed changes.
Foster	To encourage or promote the development or growth of something; to nurture or cultivate	The program aims to foster a sense of community among its members.
Fragile	Easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; delicate or vulnerable	The antique vase was so fragile that it required careful handling.
Frantic	Wildly excited or anxious, typically as a result of fear or worry; frenzied or panicked	She became frantic when she realized she had lost her wallet.
Frequent	Occurring or appearing often; happening regularly or at short intervals	The neighborhood has frequent power outages during the summer storms.
Frivolous	Not having any serious purpose or value; carefree, lighthearted, or superficial	His comments were dismissed as frivolous and irrelevant to the discussion.
Frustrate	To prevent someone from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; to hinder, thwart, or defeat someone’s efforts	The constant setbacks began to frustrate the team’s progress on the project.
Fulfill	To satisfy or meet a need, requirement, or expectation; to carry out or perform (a duty or role)	The company strives to fulfill its commitment to customer satisfaction.
Fundamental	Forming a necessary base or core; essential, basic, or foundational; of central importance or principle	Learning to read is a fundamental skill that lays the groundwork for future academic success.
Furry	Covered with or resembling fur; having a dense growth of hair or fur	The furry caterpillar crawled along the tree branch.
Fusion	The process or result of joining or blending things together, especially two or more distinct elements, to form a unified whole; a combination or mixture	The restaurant offers a fusion of Asian and European cuisine.
Futile	Incapable of producing any useful result; pointless or ineffective; having no practical significance or value	Despite their efforts, the attempt to rescue the stranded hikers was futile.

Words	Meaning	Example
Gain	To obtain or acquire something desired, typically through effort or work; to increase in amount, value, or importance	She hopes to gain valuable experience from her internship.
Gallant	Brave, courageous, and noble in character; chivalrous or courteous towards others, especially women	The gallant knight rescued the princess from the dragon.
Gap	An opening or space between two objects or points; a break, hole, or interval in something; a disparity or difference between two things	There is a small gap between the bookshelf and the wall.
Gargantuan	Enormous, massive, or colossal in size, extent, or scale; gigantic or mammoth	The gargantuan cruise ship could be seen from miles away.
Garish	Excessively bright, flashy, or showy, often to the point of being vulgar or tasteless; gaudy or ostentatious	She wore a garish outfit covered in sequins and feathers.
Gather	To bring together or collect into one place; to assemble or accumulate; to harvest or pick; to infer or conclude from various sources	The family gathered around the dinner table for a meal.
Generous	Showing kindness, magnanimity, or willingness to give freely; liberal in giving or sharing with others; abundant or ample	She is known for her generous contributions to charity.
Genius	Exceptional intellectual or creative ability; brilliance or talent; an exceptionally intelligent or creative person; the spirit or guiding force of a person or place	Albert Einstein was a genius in the field of theoretical physics.
Genuine	Authentic, real, or true; not counterfeit or fake; sincere, honest, or earnest; free from pretense or hypocrisy	The jeweler assured her that the diamond ring was genuine.
Gesture	A movement or action of the body, especially the hands or arms, that expresses an idea, sentiment, or intention; a symbolic act or token of goodwill, friendship, or respect	He made a gesture of apology by sending her flowers.
Gigantic	Extremely large, immense, or huge in size, extent, or scale; colossal or mammoth	The construction project involved moving gigantic boulders.
Gimmick	A clever or novel device, method, or idea, especially one used to attract attention, advertise, or promote something; a trick or stratagem used to deceive or manipulate	The marketing campaign used a gimmick involving augmented reality to engage customers.
Glamorous	Attractive, exciting, or alluring in a luxurious or stylish way; associated with wealth, fashion, or celebrity; having an aura of elegance or sophistication	The actress looked glamorous in her designer gown at the awards ceremony.
Glance	To take a brief or hurried look at something; to cast a quick or cursory glance	She glanced at her watch to check the time.
Gleam	To shine brightly with reflected light; to flash or sparkle; to appear briefly or faintly	The stars gleamed in the night sky.
Glimpse	A brief or fleeting view or sight of something; a quick or incomplete look	She caught a glimpse of the sunrise from her window.
Global	Relating to or encompassing the entire world; worldwide in scope, extent, or influence	The company has a global presence with offices in multiple countries.
Glorious	Having or deserving great honor, distinction, or admiration; magnificent, splendid, or beautiful in appearance or achievement	The sunset painted the sky in glorious shades of orange and pink.
Goal	The object of a person’s ambition or effort; an aim, objective, or purpose to be achieved; the result or achievement toward which effort is directed	Her ultimate goal is to become a successful entrepreneur.
Graceful	Possessing elegance, poise, or beauty of movement; characterized by smoothness and fluidity; pleasing or attractive in appearance or manner	The ballet dancer’s graceful movements captivated the audience.
Grand	Impressive, magnificent, or majestic in appearance, size, or scope; noble, dignified, or imposing	They stayed in a grand hotel overlooking the ocean.
Grasp	To seize or hold firmly with the hands; to understand, comprehend, or perceive clearly; to grip or clutch firmly	She struggled to grasp the concept of quantum physics.
Gratify	To please or satisfy someone’s desires or needs; to indulge or fulfill someone’s wishes or expectations	Winning the championship gratified the team’s hard work and dedication.
Gravity	The force that attracts objects towards the center of the Earth; seriousness or importance; solemnity or dignity; a situation or event of great importance or consequence	The gravity of the situation became apparent as the rescue efforts intensified.
Greed	Intense or excessive desire for wealth, possessions, or power; avarice or covetousness; the selfish pursuit of material gain	His greed led him to exploit his employees for personal profit.
Grievance	A real or imagined cause for complaint or protest; a feeling of resentment or injustice arising from a perceived wrong or unfair treatment	The workers filed a grievance against the company for failing to pay overtime wages.
Grim	Stern, forbidding, or uninviting in appearance or nature; dismal, gloomy, or depressing; harsh or severe	The weather forecast predicted grim conditions for the weekend.
Grind	To reduce something to small particles or powder by crushing, grinding, or pounding; to sharpen, smooth, or polish by friction; to work hard or labor persistently	She had to grind the coffee beans before brewing her morning cup of coffee.
Grotesque	Comically or repulsively ugly or distorted in appearance; bizarre, outlandish, or fantastic; characterized by absurdity or exaggeration	The artist created a series of grotesque sculptures inspired by surrealist art.
Groove	A long, narrow cut or depression, especially one made to guide the movement of a part or ensure proper alignment; a routine or pattern of behavior or activity	He found his groove while playing the guitar.
Groundless	Without a basis in reason, evidence, or fact; unfounded or unjustified; lacking logical or factual support	The accusations against him were completely groundless.
Group	A number of people or things that are located, gathered, or classed together; a collection, cluster, or set	The students formed a study group to prepare for the exam.
Guarantee	A formal promise or assurance, especially one given in writing, that a product, service, or transaction will meet specified standards or expectations	The manufacturer offers a money-back guarantee on all its products.
Guard	To protect or defend someone or something against harm, danger, or attack; to keep watch over or supervise; a person or group of people responsible for protecting or patrolling	The security guard stood watch outside the building.
Guilt	A feeling of responsibility or remorse for having committed a wrongdoing or offense; the state of being culpable or blameworthy; a source of self-reproach or shame	She was consumed by guilt after lying to her friend.
Gusto	Great enthusiasm, energy, or excitement, especially in pursuit of an enjoyable activity or undertaking; zest or relish	He tackled the project with gusto, eager to prove himself.

Words	Meaning	Example
Habitual	Done or occurring regularly or repeatedly; customary, usual, or habitual	Her habitual morning routine includes jogging in the park.
Halcyon	Denoting a period of time in the past that was idyllically happy and peaceful; calm, tranquil, or prosperous	The couple’s halcyon days were spent traveling the world together.
Handsome	Attractive or pleasing in appearance; having a pleasing and impressive quality or character	He cut a handsome figure in his well-tailored suit.
Harmony	Agreement, accord, or compatibility in feeling, opinion, or action; a state of peaceful coexistence or cooperation	The family lived in harmony with nature in their rural retreat.
Haughty	Arrogantly superior or disdainful; showing an attitude of superiority and contempt for others	She was known for her haughty demeanor and snobbish attitude.
Haven	A place of safety or refuge; a harbor or port where ships can seek shelter from storms; a peaceful or secluded place that offers safety or protection	The small town was a haven for artists seeking inspiration.
Hazard	A danger or risk, especially one that is potential, unpredictable, or unavoidable; something that creates a risk of harm or injury	Driving in heavy rain can be a hazard for motorists.
Headway	Progress or advancement, especially in spite of difficulties or obstacles; forward movement or development	The project made significant headway despite encountering logistical challenges.
Heartfelt	Sincere, deeply felt, or earnest; expressing genuine or profound emotion	She wrote a heartfelt letter expressing her gratitude.
Heed	To pay attention to, take notice of, or consider seriously; to give consideration or attention to someone’s advice, warning, or recommendation	It’s important to heed the signs of fatigue while driving long distances.
Heighten	To make or become higher, more intense, or more extreme; to increase the degree or intensity of something	The intense music heightened the suspense of the scene.
Heinous	Shockingly evil, abominable, or atrocious; morally reprehensible or utterly wicked	The perpetrator committed a heinous crime that shocked the community.
Hesitate	To pause or hold back in uncertainty or indecision; to be reluctant or undecided about doing something	She hesitated before making a decision that would affect her future.
Hidden	Concealed or obscured from view; not easily noticed or detected	The hidden treasure lay buried beneath the ancient ruins.
Highlight	To emphasize or draw special attention to something; to make more prominent or conspicuous	The speaker used anecdotes to highlight key points in her presentation.
Hilarious	Extremely amusing, funny, or entertaining; causing loud laughter or mirth	The comedian’s jokes were so hilarious that the audience couldn’t stop laughing.
Hinder	To create difficulties for someone or something; to obstruct, impede, or interfere with progress or achievement	Heavy traffic can hinder the delivery of goods.
Hindsight	Understanding of a situation or event only after it has happened; the perception of events or situations after they have occurred	In hindsight, she realized that she should have taken a different approach.
Hoax	A humorous or malicious deception, trick, or practical joke; a false or misleading statement intended to deceive or mislead others	The email claiming that she had won a million dollars turned out to be a hoax.
Holistic	Emphasizing the importance of the whole and the interdependence of its parts; considering or treating something as a whole rather than as separate parts	Holistic medicine takes into account the physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of health.
Homogeneous	Of the same or similar kind or nature; uniform in structure or composition; consisting of parts or elements that are consistent or similar throughout	The population of the town was largely homogeneous, consisting mostly of elderly residents.
Hopeful	Feeling or inspiring optimism or confidence about the future; characterized by a sense of hope or expectation	Despite facing setbacks, she remained hopeful about achieving her goals.

Words	Meaning	Example
Iconic	Widely recognized and admired, especially as a symbol of particular quality or characteristic	The Eiffel Tower is considered one of the most iconic landmarks in the world.
Identify	To recognize, distinguish, or classify someone or something; to establish the identity of someone or something	The witness was able to identify the suspect in a police lineup.
Ignite	To catch fire or set on fire; to cause something to start burning; to begin to burn or to be set on fire	The spark from the lighter ignited the gasoline fumes.
Illusion	A false idea or belief, especially one that is not consistent with reality; something that appears real or possible but is not	The magician created the illusion of making the rabbit disappear.
Illustrate	To provide examples or visual aids in order to make something clearer or more understandable; to explain or clarify with examples or pictures	The teacher used diagrams to illustrate the process of photosynthesis.
Immaculate	Perfectly clean, neat, or tidy; without any flaws, blemishes, or imperfections	The showroom was immaculate, with every car polished to perfection.
Immense	Extremely large or great in size, amount, extent, or degree	The Grand Canyon is an immense natural wonder that attracts millions of visitors each year.
Immerse	To involve deeply or completely in an activity or experience; to submerge or dip into a liquid	She immersed herself in her studies, spending countless hours in the library.
Immense	Extremely large or great in size, amount, extent, or degree	The Grand Canyon is an immense natural wonder that attracts millions of visitors each year.
Impact	The effect or influence of one person, thing, or action on another; a powerful or significant effect or influence	The new policy had a profound impact on the company’s profits.
Imperative	Of vital importance or essential; crucial or necessary; expressing a command or instruction	It is imperative that we address climate change before it’s too late.
Implement	To put a plan, decision, agreement, or system into effect or action; to carry out or accomplish; to apply or enforce	The company decided to implement new safety measures in response to the accident.
Implicate	To show or suggest that someone is involved in a crime or wrongdoing; to incriminate or involve someone in a situation	The fingerprints found at the crime scene implicated him in the burglary.
Implore	To beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something; to plead or entreat with someone	She implored him to reconsider his decision and stay.
Imply	To indicate or suggest something indirectly or without explicitly stating it; to hint or insinuate	His silence seemed to imply that he disagreed with the decision.
Impress	To make a strong, lasting, or favorable impression on someone; to have a significant impact or influence on someone	The candidate’s professionalism and confidence impressed the interviewers.
Improve	To make or become better, more satisfactory, or more effective; to enhance or refine in quality or condition	Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help improve overall health and well-being.
Impulse	A sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act; a spontaneous or instinctive inclination or tendency	She resisted the impulse to spend all her savings on a whim.
Incite	To encourage or stir up violent, unlawful, or aggressive behavior; to provoke or urge someone to do something undesirable or harmful	The protestors tried to incite the crowd to violence.
Include	To contain or embrace as part of a whole; to have as a part, element, or member; to encompass or comprise	The package includes a variety of features to meet different needs.
Inclusive	Including or covering all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required; broad in scope or content; comprehensive or embracing	The resort offers an all-inclusive package that covers meals, activities, and accommodations.
Income	Money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments; earnings, revenue, or profit	His income increased significantly after he got a promotion.
Inconclusive	Not leading to a firm conclusion or result; not decisive or definite	The investigation yielded inconclusive results, leaving many questions unanswered.
Increase	To become greater or larger in size, amount, intensity, or degree; to make or become more numerous, extensive, or prevalent	The company plans to increase production to meet growing demand.
Incredible	So extraordinary as to seem impossible; not credible; difficult or impossible to believe	The athlete’s incredible performance broke several world records.
Indicate	To point out or show something; to be a sign or symptom of something; to suggest or imply something	The dark clouds indicate that a storm is approaching.
Indifferent	Having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned or apathetic; neither good nor bad; neither satisfactory nor unsatisfactory	She remained indifferent to the outcome of the game, as she wasn’t a fan of either team.
Indulge	To allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of something, especially something that is considered luxurious, excessive, or self-indulgent	After a long week of work, she decided to indulge in a relaxing spa day.
Inevitable	Certain to happen; unavoidable or bound to occur; predictable or expected	Despite their efforts, conflict seemed inevitable between the two rival factions.
Infer	To deduce or conclude information from evidence or reasoning rather than from explicit statements; to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises	From his facial expression, she inferred that he was disappointed with the outcome.
Inflame	To provoke or intensify strong feelings of anger, passion, or hostility; to cause inflammation or swelling	His inflammatory remarks only served to inflame tensions between the two groups.
Influence	The capacity or power to produce effects on the actions, behavior, opinions, or outcomes of others; the exertion of power to affect or alter something	Parents have a significant influence on their children’s development and upbringing.
Inform	To give facts or information to someone; to impart knowledge or intelligence to someone; to provide with knowledge or information	The teacher informed the students about the upcoming test schedule.
Infuse	To fill, pervade, or permeate with a quality or feeling; to instill or introduce gradually into someone’s mind or feelings; to imbue or inspire with	Her passion for music infused every aspect of her life.
Ingenious	Clever, original, and inventive; marked by intelligence, creativity, or resourcefulness	The engineer came up with an ingenious solution to the problem.
Inherit	To receive or be left with something as an inheritance or legacy; to come into possession of something as a result of being born into a particular family or situation	She inherited her grandmother’s antique jewelry collection.
Inhibit	To hinder, restrain, or prevent someone or something from doing something; to limit or suppress the activity, growth, or development of something	Fear can inhibit creativity and prevent people from taking risks.
Initial	Existing or occurring at the beginning; first or earliest; to mark or sign with one’s initials	They made an initial investment in the startup company.
Initiate	To cause or facilitate the beginning or introduction of something; to start or commence; to admit or accept into a group or society	The company decided to initiate a new marketing campaign to attract more customers.
Inject	To introduce or force something, such as a liquid, into something else; to administer a drug or vaccine by injection; to interpose or introduce an element or factor	The doctor will inject the vaccine into your arm.
Injustice	Unfair treatment or behavior; the violation of someone’s rights or the denial of justice or fairness	The court’s decision was seen as an injustice by many people.
Innovate	To make changes in something established, especially by introducing new methods, ideas, or products; to create or introduce something new or different	The company strives to innovate and stay ahead of its competitors.
Inquire	To ask for information from someone; to seek or request information about something; to investigate or make an inquiry about something	He called to inquire about the availability of the product.
Insight	The capacity to gain an accurate and deep understanding of a person or thing; the ability to perceive and understand the true nature of things; penetrating mental vision	Her insights into human behavior made her an excellent psychologist.
Inspire	To fill someone with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially to do something creative; to motivate or stimulate	His courage and determination inspired others to follow his lead.
Install	To place or fix equipment or machinery into position ready for use; to set up or establish something; to officially put someone into a new position or role	They installed new security cameras to monitor the premises.
Instill	To gradually but firmly establish an idea, attitude, or habit in someone’s mind or consciousness; to introduce gradually and persistently	Her parents instilled in her a love of reading from a young age.
Institute	An organization having a particular purpose, especially one that is involved in education, research, or a similar activity	The institute conducts research on environmental sustainability.
Instruct	To teach someone a skill or subject; to provide someone with authoritative information or direction; to give orders or commands to someone	The coach instructed the team on the proper techniques for shooting a basketball.

Sure, here are the meanings and examples for the provided vocabulary words:

Words	Meaning	Example
Jeopardy	Danger of loss, harm, or failure	The company’s financial situation put it in jeopardy of bankruptcy.
Jettison	To discard or cast off something that is no longer needed or deemed necessary	The ship’s crew decided to jettison some cargo to lighten the load during the storm.
Jittery	Nervous, anxious, or uneasy	He felt jittery before his first public speaking engagement.
Jovial	Cheerful, friendly, and good-humored	Despite the rainy weather, they remained jovial throughout the picnic.
Jubilant	Feeling or expressing great happiness, triumph, or joy	The team was jubilant after winning the championship game.
Justify	To prove or show something to be right or reasonable; to provide a valid reason or explanation for something	The lawyer tried to justify her client’s actions in court.
Juvenile	Relating to young people; immature or childish; characteristic of or suitable for young people or children	The book’s juvenile humor appealed to younger readers.

Words	Meaning	Example
Keen	Having or showing eagerness, enthusiasm, or interest; sharp or penetrating; finely tuned or sensitive	She was keen to learn more about the subject.
Key	A small piece of shaped metal that is inserted into a lock and turned to open or close it; a crucial factor or element; to provide a solution or explanation for something	The key to success in this project is effective communication.
Kinetic	Relating to or resulting from motion; dynamic or lively in nature	The artist’s kinetic sculptures were captivating to watch.
Knack	A skill, talent, or aptitude for doing something well; a clever way of doing something	She has a knack for solving complex problems.
Knowledge	Information, understanding, or awareness acquired through learning, experience, or study	He has extensive knowledge of ancient history.
Know-how	Practical knowledge, expertise, or skill in doing something; the ability to do something competently	The technician has the necessary know-how to fix the machine.

Words	Meaning	Example
Lament	A passionate expression of grief or sorrow; to express regret or disappointment over something	She lamented the loss of her beloved pet.
Landmark	An object or feature of a landscape or town that is easily seen and recognized from a distance; a significant event, discovery, or achievement	The Eiffel Tower is a landmark in Paris.
Languid	Lacking in vigor or vitality; slow and relaxed in character or manner	She lay in a languid state on the beach, enjoying the warmth of the sun.
Lapse	A temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment; an interval or passage of time	The student’s lapse in attention caused her to miss an important detail.
Largesse	Generosity in bestowing money or gifts; the generous giving of gifts or money	The billionaire’s largesse helped fund several charitable projects.
Lateral	Of, at, towards, or from the side; sideways movement or direction	The company implemented a lateral shift in its organizational structure.
Laud	Praise (a person or their achievements) highly, especially in a public context	The critics lauded the actor’s performance in the new film.
Lavish	Sumptuously rich, luxurious, or extravagant; given or produced in abundance	The wedding reception was a lavish affair, with exquisite decorations and gourmet food.
Lax	Not sufficiently strict, severe, or careful; relaxed or loose in discipline or control	The lax security measures allowed unauthorized access to the building.
Laze	Be idle or lazy; relax or idle lazily	They lazed by the poolside, enjoying the warm summer day.
Lethal	Sufficient to cause death; harmful or destructive	The snake’s venom is lethal to small animals.
Liberated	Freed from imprisonment, slavery, or oppression; released or set free	The activists worked tirelessly to ensure that all citizens were liberated from tyranny.
Liberty	The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one’s way of life or behavior	The constitution guarantees citizens certain fundamental liberties, such as freedom of speech.
Lifeline	A line or rope used for life-saving purposes, especially one thrown to rescue someone in difficulties in water; a thing on which someone or something depends or which provides a means of escape or rescue	The lifeline tossed to the struggling swimmer helped bring him safely back to shore.
Lighten	Make or become lighter in weight, pressure, or severity; make or become less serious or oppressive	Opening the windows will help lighten the room.
Limber	(Of a person or their body) lithe or supple; (of a thing) flexible or supple	The gymnast’s limber body allowed her to perform complex maneuvers with ease.
Limitless	Without end, limit, or boundary; infinitely great or extensive	The sky seemed limitless as we gazed at the stars on a clear night.
Linger	Stay in a place longer than necessary because of a reluctance to leave; take a long time to leave or disappear	The scent of jasmine lingered in the air long after the flowers had been removed.
Literate	Able to read and write; having knowledge or competence in a specified field	The literacy rate in the country has steadily increased over the past decade.
Livelihood	A means of securing the necessities of life; a person’s trade or occupation	Fishing is the primary livelihood for many people in coastal communities.
Lofty	Of imposing height; impressively high; (of an ambition or aspiration) grand or noble; exalted in rank, dignity, or character	The castle stood on a lofty hill overlooking the valley below.
Longevity	Long existence or service; long life or long duration	Regular exercise and a healthy diet are believed to promote longevity.
Loophole	An ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rules; a small or narrow opening, especially one in a wall or rock face through which a person may pass	The lawyer exploited a legal loophole to secure a favorable outcome for his client.
Lucid	Expressed clearly; easy to understand; bright or luminous	Her explanation was so lucid that even a novice could grasp the concept.
Luminous	Full of or shedding light; bright or shining, especially in the dark	The moon cast a luminous glow over the landscape.
Lurk	(Of a person or animal) be or remain hidden so as to wait in ambush for someone or something; (of an unpleasant quality) be present, but not easily noticed	Danger lurks in the shadows of the forest.
Lush	(Of vegetation) growing luxuriantly; (of living conditions) characterized by abundance or luxuriance	The lush greenery of the tropical rainforest was teeming with life.

Words	Meaning	Example
Magnanimous	Very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful than oneself	Despite being treated unfairly, she remained magnanimous and offered her assistance to those in need.
Magnitude	The great size or extent of something; the importance or significance of something	The magnitude of the earthquake was felt across the entire region.
Maintain	To keep something in existence or continue without changing; to provide the necessities of life for	He struggled to maintain his composure in the face of adversity.
Majesty	Impressive stateliness, dignity, or beauty; the quality of being magnificent or imposing	The majesty of the mountains took our breath away.
Malicious	Intending or intended to do harm; spiteful or malevolent	His malicious gossip caused unnecessary harm to her reputation.
Manageable	Able to be controlled or dealt with; easy to handle or use	The project seemed daunting at first, but with proper planning, it became more manageable.
Manifest	Clear or obvious to the eye or mind; display or show (a quality or feeling) by one’s acts or appearance	His manifest anger was evident in the way he slammed the door.
Manipulate	Handle or control (a tool, mechanism, etc.), typically in a skillful manner; control or influence (a person or situation) cleverly, unfairly, or unscrupulously	The magician expertly manipulated the cards to perform his trick.
Mantle	A loose sleeveless cloak or shawl, worn especially by women; something that covers, envelops, or conceals	The snow mantle covered the landscape, creating a serene winter scene.
Manufacture	Make (something) on a large scale using machinery; produce something artificially	The company manufactures high-quality furniture using sustainable materials.
Margin	The edge or border of something; an amount by which something is won or falls short; an amount of something that is allowed for but not used up	He won the race by a narrow margin of just a few seconds.
Marinate	Soak (meat, fish, or other food) in a marinade; to steep or saturate something thoroughly	The chef recommended marinating the steak for at least two hours before grilling.
Marvel	Be filled with wonder or astonishment; to be amazed or surprised by something	She marveled at the intricate details of the ancient architecture.
Materialize	Become actual fact; happen; take on a tangible or concrete form	Her dream of becoming a successful writer began to materialize after years of hard work.
Mature	Fully developed physically; ripe; fully grown or developed mentally or emotionally	Her mature response to the criticism impressed her colleagues.
Meander	(Of a river or road) follow a winding course; wander at random	We spent the afternoon meandering through the narrow streets of the old town.
Mediate	Intervene in a dispute to bring about an agreement or reconciliation; to act as a mediator or intermediary	The counselor mediated between the two parties to resolve their differences.
Mellow	(Especially of sound, taste, and color) pleasantly smooth or soft; free from harshness; relaxed and unhurried	They enjoyed a mellow evening by the fireplace, sipping wine and listening to jazz music.
Mend	Repair (something that is broken or damaged); improve or correct something that is wrong or unsatisfactory	He spent the weekend mending the fence that had been damaged in the storm.
Merchandise	Goods to be bought and sold; commodities; trade or traffic in goods	The store stocked a wide variety of merchandise, ranging from clothing to electronics.
Merge	Combine or cause to combine to form a single entity; blend or cause to blend gradually into something else	The two companies decided to merge their operations to increase efficiency.
Methodical	Performed according to a systematic or established form of procedure; characterized by method or orderliness	His methodical approach to problem-solving helped him tackle complex issues with ease.
Meticulous	Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise about small details	The artist was meticulous in his work, ensuring that every brushstroke was perfect.
Militant	Combative and aggressive in support of a political or social cause, typically favoring extreme, violent, or confrontational methods	The militant group staged protests to demand political reform.
Mimic	Imitate (someone or their actions or words), typically in order to entertain or ridicule	The comedian could mimic the voices of famous celebrities with uncanny accuracy.
Minimize	Reduce (something, especially something unwanted or unpleasant) to the smallest possible amount or degree; make (something, especially something unwelcome or unpleasant) as small as possible	She tried to minimize the impact of her words by choosing them carefully.
Mingle	Mix or cause to mix together; move freely around a place or at a social function, associating with others informally	Guests were encouraged to mingle and get to know each other at the party.
Minute	Extremely small; tiny; a period of time equal to sixty seconds or a sixtieth of an hour	The tiny details on the painting were so intricate that they required a magnifying glass to see.
Misery	A state or feeling of great physical or mental distress or discomfort; great unhappiness or discomfort	The refugee camp was a place of misery and suffering.
Mismatch	A failure to correspond or match; something that does not correspond or match something else	There was a mismatch between the skills required for the job and the qualifications of the applicant.
Mitigate	Make (something bad) less severe, serious, or painful; lessen the gravity of (an offense or mistake)	Planting trees can help mitigate the effects of climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide.
Mock	Tease or laugh at in a scornful or contemptuous manner; make (something) seem laughably unreal or impossible	The bullies would mock him for his unusual clothes and awkward mannerisms.
Moderate	Average in amount, intensity, quality, or degree; kept or keeping within reasonable or proper limits; not extreme, excessive, or intense	She took a moderate approach to exercise, avoiding both overexertion and inactivity.
Modify	Make partial or minor changes to (something), typically to improve it or to make it less extreme	She modified her diet to include more fruits and vegetables for better health.
Momentum	The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity; the impetus gained by a moving object	The campaign gained momentum as more people became aware of its cause.
Monitor	Observe and check the progress or quality of (something) over a period of time; keep under systematic review	The teacher used a computer program to monitor the students’ progress in learning mathematics.
Monopoly	The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service	The company had a virtual monopoly on the production of a certain type of electronic component.
Monumental	Great in importance, extent, or size; impressively large, extensive, or elaborate	The construction of the Great Wall of China was a monumental feat of engineering.
Motivate	Provide (someone) with a motive for doing something; cause (someone) to have interest in or enthusiasm for something	The coach used positive reinforcement to motivate the team to perform at their best.

Words	Meaning	Example
Navigate	Plan and direct the route or course of a ship, aircraft, or other form of transportation	He learned how to navigate using the stars.
Necessity	The state or fact of being required or indispensable	Clean water is a necessity for all living beings.
Negate	Nullify; make ineffective; deny the existence or truth of (something)	The positive effects of the exercise were negated by his unhealthy diet.
Negligent	Failing to take proper care in doing something	The company was found negligent in its handling of customer data.
Negligible	So small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant	The difference in cost was negligible compared to the overall budget.
Negotiate	Try to reach an agreement or compromise by discussion or debate	The two parties are negotiating a new trade deal.
Niche	A comfortable or suitable position in life or employment; a shallow recess, especially one in a wall to display a statue or other ornament	He found his niche in the world of finance.
Nimble	Quick and light in movement or action	The gymnast was nimble on the balance beam.
Nostalgia	A sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations	The old photographs filled him with nostalgia for his childhood.
Notion	A conception of or belief about something	He had a notion that his neighbor was spying on him.
Nurture	Care for and encourage the growth or development of (someone or something)	It’s important to nurture your relationships with friends and family.
Niche	A comfortable or suitable position in life or employment; a shallow recess, especially one in a wall to display a statue or other ornament	He found his niche in the world of finance.
Noble	Belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; having or showing fine personal qualities or high moral principles	The knight was known for his noble deeds and honorable behavior.
Notable	Worthy of attention or notice; remarkable; distinguished	The artist’s paintings are notable for their vibrant colors and unique style.
Noticeable	Easily seen or noticed; clear or apparent	There was a noticeable improvement in her performance after she started practicing regularly.
Novelty	The quality of being new, original, or unusual; a small and inexpensive toy or ornament	The novelty of the gadget wore off after a few weeks.
Nuance	A subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound	His music had a nuance of sadness that touched the hearts of his listeners.
Nudge	A light touch or push; a gentle reminder or prompting	She gave him a nudge to remind him of their appointment.
Nuisance	A person, thing, or circumstance causing inconvenience or annoyance	The loud neighbors were a constant nuisance.
Nullify	Make legally null and void; invalidate; cancel out	The contract was nullified due to a technicality.

Words	Meaning	Example
Objective	Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; based on facts	The company’s objective is to increase its market share.
Obligation	An act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound	Paying taxes is an obligation of every citizen.
Oblige	Make (someone) legally or morally bound to do something	She felt obliged to help her elderly neighbor.
Obscure	Not discovered or known about; uncertain	The meaning of the ancient text remained obscure.
Obsolete	No longer produced or used; out-of-date	Floppy disks are now obsolete in the age of USB drives.
Obtain	Get, acquire, or secure (something)	He obtained his driver’s license after passing the test.
Obvious	Easily perceived or understood; clear, self-evident, or apparent	The answer to the riddle was obvious once you thought about it.
Occasion	A particular event, or the time at which it takes place	The wedding was a joyous occasion for the entire family.
Occupy	To reside or have one’s place of business in (a building)	The company occupies the entire fifth floor of the building.
Offend	Cause to feel upset, annoyed, or resentful	His remarks offended many people at the party.
Offer	Present or proffer (something) for (someone) to accept or reject as so desired; make available or accessible; provide or supply	She offered him a piece of cake.
Offset	Counteract (something) by having an equal and opposite force or effect	The benefits of the new policy offset its initial costs.
Omit	Leave out or exclude (someone or something), either intentionally or forgetfully	Please do not omit any details from your report.
Onerous	(Of a task, duty, or responsibility) involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty	The onerous task of cleaning the entire house fell on her shoulders.
Onset	The beginning of something, especially something unpleasant or harmful	The onset of winter brought heavy snowfall.
Ooze	(Of a fluid) flow slowly out of something; seep out	Water began to ooze from the crack in the dam.
Opulent	Ostentatiously rich and luxurious or lavish	The opulent palace was adorned with gold and marble.
Optimistic	Hopeful and confident about the future	Despite the setbacks, she remained optimistic about her chances of success.
Optimum	Most conducive to a favorable outcome; best	The doctor recommended getting seven to eight hours of sleep for optimum health.
Orchestrate	Arrange or direct the elements of (a situation) to produce a desired effect, especially surreptitiously or by meticulous planning	The CEO orchestrated a successful marketing campaign to launch the new product.
Order	The arrangement or disposition of people or things in relation to each other according to a particular sequence, pattern, or method; command or instruction	The order of the books on the shelf was alphabetical.
Ornament	A thing used to make something look more attractive but usually having no practical purpose	The Christmas tree was decorated with colorful ornaments.
Outcome	The way a thing turns out; a consequence	The outcome of the election was unexpected.
Outdated	No longer fashionable, useful, or suitable for modern needs	His smartphone was outdated and needed an upgrade.
Outlandish	Looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar	His outlandish clothes attracted attention wherever he went.
Outrage	An extremely strong reaction of anger, shock, or indignation	There was public outrage following the scandal.
Outright	Openly; without reservation or concealment; without any delay or hesitation	She outright refused to participate in the project.
Outset	The start or beginning of something	From the outset, it was clear that the project would be challenging.
Outweigh	Be heavier, more significant, or more influential than	The benefits of exercise far outweigh the risks.
Overcome	Succeed in dealing with (a problem or difficulty)	She overcame her fear of public speaking through practice and determination.
Overwhelm	Bury or drown beneath a huge mass; defeat completely; give too much of a thing to (someone); inundate	He was overwhelmed by the amount of work he had to do.
Overt	Done or shown openly; plainly or readily apparent, not secret or hidden	The company made overt attempts to improve its public image.
Overturn	Tip (something) over so that it is on its side or upside down; reverse (a decision)	The strong winds overturned several trees in the park.
Overture	An introduction to something more substantial	The meeting began with an overture from the CEO outlining the company’s goals for the upcoming year.
Overuse	Use (something) too much or too often	Overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance.
Oversee	Supervise (a person or work), especially in an official capacity	She was hired to oversee the construction project.
Owe	Have an obligation to pay or repay (something, especially money) in return for something received or given	He owes me $20 for the concert ticket.
Oxygen	A colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air	Oxygen is essential for respiration in humans.

Words	Meaning	Example
Pace	The speed or rate at which something happens or develops	The pace of technological advancement is increasing rapidly.
Pacify	To quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of (someone)	The mother pacified her crying baby by singing a lullaby.
Painless	Not causing or attended by pain	The dentist assured her that the procedure would be painless.
Palpable	Able to be touched or felt; clear to the mind or plain to see	The tension in the room was palpable as they awaited the verdict.
Pamper	Indulge with every attention, comfort, and kindness; spoil	She pampered herself with a relaxing spa day.
Paradox	A statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory	The paradox of youth is that it is wasted on the young.
Paramount	More important than anything else; supreme	The safety of the passengers is paramount for the airline.
Parody	An imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect; a spoof or send-up	The movie was a parody of classic detective films.
Paralyze	To cause to become powerless or motionless	Fear paralyzed him, preventing him from taking action.
Pardon	The action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense	The governor granted a pardon to the convicted criminal.
Partial	Biased in favor of a particular group, subject, or point of view; incomplete or limited in extent or scope	The judge declared a mistrial due to the partiality of the jury.
Participate	Take part or become involved in an activity or event	Students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities.
Particle	A minute portion of matter	Dust particles danced in the sunlight streaming through the window.
Partner	A person who takes part in an undertaking with another or others, especially in a business or company	She started a new business venture with her longtime partner.
Passive	Accepting or allowing what happens or what others do, without active response or resistance	The company’s passive approach to marketing led to decreased sales.
Passage	The act or process of moving through, under, over, or past something on the way from one place to another	The passage of time heals all wounds.
Patent	A government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention	The inventor applied for a patent for his groundbreaking technology.
Pathetic	Arousing pity, especially through vulnerability or sadness	The sight of the starving children was truly pathetic.
Pathos	A quality that evokes pity or sadness	The film’s use of pathos left audiences reaching for tissues.
Patronize	Treat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority; frequent (a store, theater, restaurant, or other establishment) as a customer, especially out of habit	He didn’t appreciate being patronized by his coworkers.
Pause	Interrupt action or speech briefly	She paused for a moment to collect her thoughts.
Pave	To cover (a piece of ground) with concrete, asphalt, bricks, or other material suitable for travel	The city council decided to pave the road to improve traffic flow.
Peak	The pointed top of a mountain; a high point or maximum value	The athlete’s performance reached its peak during the championship race.
Peculiar	Strange or odd; unusual	His peculiar behavior attracted attention wherever he went.
Pedestrian	Lacking inspiration or excitement; dull	The movie received poor reviews for its pedestrian plot and uninspired acting.
Peer	Look keenly or with difficulty at someone or something	She peered through the fog, trying to make out the shapes ahead.
Pensive	Engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought	She sat by the window, her pensive expression revealing her inner turmoil.
Perceive	Become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand	She perceived a change in his attitude towards her.
Perish	Die, especially in a violent or sudden way	The flowers will perish if not watered regularly.
Perplex	Cause (someone) to feel completely baffled	The instructions on the package perplexed him, so he asked for help.
Persist	Continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or a course of action in spite of difficulty, opposition, or failure	Despite numerous setbacks, she persisted in her efforts to complete the project.
Perspective	A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view	She tried to see the situation from her colleague’s perspective.
Persuade	Cause (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument	She persuaded her parents to let her go to the concert.
Pertinent	Relevant or applicable to a particular matter; apposite	The information provided was not pertinent to the discussion.
Peruse	Read (something), typically in a thorough or careful way	He perused the contract before signing it.
Pervasive	(Especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people	The pervasive odor of the garbage filled the entire neighborhood.
Phase	A distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part of something’s development	The project is in the final phase of development.
Phenomenal	Very remarkable; extraordinary	The success of their new product has been nothing short of phenomenal.
Philanthropy	The desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes	The billionaire’s philanthropy was well-known, as he donated millions to various charities.
Pinnacle	The most successful point; the culmination	Winning the championship was the pinnacle of her athletic career.
Pioneer	A person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area; a person who is among the first to develop or be the first to use or apply (a new method, area of knowledge, or activity)	He was a pioneer in the field of medical research.
Pitfall	A hidden or unsuspected danger or difficulty	One of the pitfalls of fame is the loss of privacy.
Plausible	(Of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable	His explanation for being late seemed plausible, but I still had my doubts.
Plethora	A large or excessive amount of (something)	There was a plethora of options to choose from at the buffet.
Pledge	A solemn promise or undertaking	He made a pledge to always be there for his best friend.
Plight	A dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation	The refugees faced a plight of homelessness and hunger.
Plot	A plan made in secret by a group of people to do something illegal or harmful	The detective uncovered a plot to rob the bank.
Plunge	Jump or dive quickly and energetically	The diver plunged into the icy water.
Ponder	Think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion	She spent hours pondering the meaning of life.
Populace	The people living in a particular country or area	The government’s policies were unpopular among the populace.
Portray	Depict (someone or something) in a work of art or literature	The artist portrayed her muse with great attention to detail.
Pose	Present or constitute (a problem, danger, or difficulty)	The new regulations pose a challenge for small businesses.
Positive	Consisting in or characterized by the presence or possession of features or qualities rather than their absence; marked by optimism or constructive attitude	She maintained a positive outlook despite facing many obstacles.
Postpone	Arrange for (something) to take place at a time later than that first scheduled	They decided to postpone the meeting until next week.
Potential	Having or showing the capacity to become or develop into something in the future; latent qualities or abilities that may be developed and lead to future success	The young athlete showed great potential in his first season.
Praise	Express warm approval or admiration of (someone or something)	He praised her for her hard work and dedication.
Pragmatic	Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations	She took a pragmatic approach to solving the problem.
Precede	Come before (something) in time	The appetizers will precede the main course.
Precious	Of great value; not to be wasted or treated carelessly	Time spent with loved ones is precious.
Precise	Marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail	The instructions must be followed with precise attention to detail.
Predict	Say or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something	The meteorologist predicts rain for tomorrow.

Words	Meaning	Example
Qualify	To be entitled to a particular benefit or privilege by fulfilling certain conditions; to make (a statement or assertion) less absolute; to modify or restrict	He qualified for the scholarship based on his grades.
Quandary	A state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation	She found herself in a quandary over which job to choose.
Quench	To satisfy (one’s thirst) by drinking; to extinguish (a fire, thirst, desire, etc.)	He quenched his thirst with a cold glass of water.
Query	A question, especially one expressing doubt or requesting information	She had a query about the assignment.
Quest	A long or arduous search for something; an expedition undertaken in medieval romance by a knight in order to perform a prescribed feat	They embarked on a quest to find the lost treasure.
Question	A sentence worded or expressed so as to elicit information; to ask questions of (someone)	She questioned the validity of the results.
Quick	Moving fast or doing something in a short time; prompt or rapid	He gave a quick response to the question.
Quiet	Making little or no noise; free from disturbance or tumult; calm, peaceful	The library was quiet, with only the sound of turning pages.
Quirk	A peculiar aspect of a person’s character or behavior; a strange habit or feature	One of his quirks was always wearing mismatched socks.
Quiver	To tremble or shake with a slight rapid motion; a case for holding or carrying arrows	Her voice quivered with emotion.

Words	Meaning	Example
Radiant	Emitting light or shining brightly; emanating great happiness or joy	The bride looked radiant on her wedding day.
Raid	A sudden attack on an enemy by troops, aircraft, or other armed forces; a surprise visit	The police conducted a raid on the drug cartel.
Rally	A mass meeting of people making a political protest or showing support for a cause; to recover strength or spirits after a setback	The community held a rally to protest the new law.
Ransom	A sum of money demanded or paid for the release of a captive; to free from captivity in exchange for a sum of money	The kidnappers demanded a ransom for the safe return of the hostage.
Rare	Not occurring very often; unusual or uncommon	Seeing a shooting star is a rare occurrence.
Rash	Displaying or proceeding from a lack of careful consideration of the possible consequences; impetuous	His rash decision led to serious consequences.
Rational	Based on or in accordance with reason or logic; sensible or reasonable	It’s rational to save money for emergencies.
Rave	Speak or write about someone or something with great enthusiasm or admiration; to talk irrationally or incoherently	Critics raved about the author’s new book.
React	Act in response to something; respond in a particular way	She reacted angrily to the news of her demotion.
Realize	Become fully aware of (something) as a fact; understand clearly or suddenly	He didn’t realize his mistake until it was too late.
Realm	A kingdom; a field or domain of activity or interest	She had little interest in the realm of politics.
Reap	Cut or gather (a crop or harvest); obtain (a reward or benefit) as a consequence of one’s own actions	He reaped the rewards of his hard work.
Reason	A cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event; the power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic	The reason for the delay was bad weather.
Rebel	A person who rises in opposition or armed resistance against an established government or ruler; to resist or defy an authority, control, or tradition	He was considered a rebel for challenging the status quo.
Recall	Bring (a fact, event, or situation) back into one’s mind; remember from the past	He struggled to recall the details of the accident.
Recede	Go or move back or further away from a previous position	The floodwaters began to recede after days of rain.
Reckless	Without thinking or caring about the consequences of an action; heedless	His reckless driving led to a serious accident.
Reclaim	Retrieve or recover (something previously lost, given, or paid); to bring (wasteland or land) back into a condition for cultivation or other use	He reclaimed his lost dignity by standing up for himself.
Recoil	Suddenly spring or flinch back in fear, horror, or disgust; to react in horror or disgust	She recoiled at the sight of the snake.
Recruit	Enlist (someone) in the armed forces; to persuade someone to join an organization or cause	The army is recruiting new soldiers.
Rectify	Put (something) right; correct or amend	Steps were taken to rectify the error.
Recycle	Convert (waste) into reusable material; to treat or process (used or waste materials) so as to make suitable for reuse	They recycled the old newspapers into wrapping paper.
Redefine	Define (something) again or differently	The company sought to redefine its brand identity.
Reduce	Make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size; diminish or lessen	She reduced her carbon footprint by cycling to work.
Refrain	Stop oneself from doing something; to abstain	He refrained from making any comments during the meeting.
Refresh	Give new strength or energy to; reinvigorate or revive	A short break will refresh your mind.
Refuge	A condition of being safe or sheltered from pursuit, danger, or trouble; a place offering shelter or safety	The refugee found refuge in a neighboring country.
Refute	Prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; to disprove or contradict	He refuted the accusations made against him.
Regard	Consider or think of (someone or something) in a specified way; to have a high opinion of	He regarded her as a trusted friend.
Regret	Feel sad, repentant, or disappointed over (something that has happened or been done, especially a loss or missed opportunity)	She regretted not taking the job offer.
Rehearse	Practice (a play, piece of music, or other work) for later public performance	The actors rehearsed their lines for the play.
Reign	Hold royal office; to be the ruler or monarch	Queen Elizabeth II has reigned for many years.
Reiterate	Say something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis	He reiterated his request for more time.
Reject	Dismiss as inadequate, inappropriate, or not to one’s taste; refuse to accept	The company rejected his job application.
Rejoice	Feel or show great joy or delight	The team rejoiced at their victory.
Relapse	Suffer deterioration after a period of improvement; return to a previous less favorable or more severe condition	Her illness relapsed after a few months of remission.
Relate	Make or show a connection between; to narrate or tell (a story or event)	He related his experiences during the war.
Relax	Make or become less tense or anxious; to rest or engage in an enjoyable activity	She relaxed in the comfort of her own home.
Relevant	Closely connected or appropriate to what is being done or considered; pertinent	Her comments were not relevant to the discussion.
Relentless	Unceasingly intense; incessant or harsh	The relentless rain continued for hours.

Words	Meaning	Example
Satisfy	Fulfill the desires, expectations, or needs of (someone) or something; to meet a need or desire	Eating a hearty meal can satisfy your hunger.
Saunter	Walk in a slow, relaxed manner, without hurry or effort; to stroll leisurely	They sauntered along the beach, enjoying the sunset.
Scarce	Insufficient for the demand; not plentiful or abundant	Fresh water became scarce during the drought.
Scare	Cause great fear or nervousness in; frighten; to panic or terrify	The sudden noise scared the little child.
Scatter	Throw in various random directions; disperse or distribute loosely	She scattered flower petals along the aisle.
Scent	A distinctive smell, especially one that is pleasant; fragrance; odor	The scent of roses filled the room.
Scope	The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant; range or breadth	The scope of the project was vast and challenging.
Scorn	A feeling and expression of contempt or disdain for someone or something; to disregard or mock disdainfully	He treated her with scorn after she betrayed him.
Scrutinize	Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly; to analyze or inspect in detail	The detectives scrutinized the evidence for clues.
Seclude	Keep (someone) away from other people; isolate or hide away	The celebrity secluded himself in his mansion to avoid paparazzi.
Secure	Fixed or fastened so as not to give way, become loose, or be lost; to obtain or achieve	He secured the door with a sturdy lock.
Seduce	Entice someone into sexual activity; to persuade someone to do something wrong or undesirable	The cunning villain tried to seduce the hero’s wife.
Seize	Take hold of suddenly and forcibly; grab or snatch; to take possession forcibly or suddenly	The police seized the contraband during the raid.
Sensation	A physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body	The icy water sent a sensation of shock through his body.
Sensible	Chosen in accordance with wisdom or prudence; practical; having, using, or showing good sense	It’s sensible to wear a helmet when riding a bike.
Sensitivity	The quality or condition of being sensitive; the degree to which something is affected by external stimuli	His sensitivity to criticism made him avoid public speaking.
Sequence	A particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other; arrangement or succession	The instructions must be followed in sequence.
Serene	Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil; free from stress or disturbance	She felt serene as she watched the sunset over the lake.
Sever	Divide by cutting or slicing, especially suddenly and forcibly; to separate or cut off completely	He severed the rope with a sharp knife.
Shackle	A pair of fetters connected together by a chain, used to fasten a prisoner’s wrists or ankles together; to restrain or limit the freedom of someone or something	The prisoner was bound in shackles.
Shame	A painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior; to make someone feel ashamed or embarrassed	He felt shame for his actions and apologized.
Shatter	Break or cause to break suddenly and violently into pieces; to destroy or damage severely	The glass shattered into a thousand fragments.
Shelter	A place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger; a shield or refuge; to provide cover or protection from danger or difficulty	The cave offered shelter from the storm.
Shimmer	Shine with a soft, tremulous light; to glisten or sparkle faintly	The moonlight shimmered on the surface of the lake.
Shiver	Shake slightly and uncontrollably as a result of being cold, frightened, or excited; to tremble or quiver	He shivered in the chilly wind.
Shrewd	Having or showing sharp powers of judgment; astute; clever or cunning	She’s a shrewd negotiator who always gets the best deal.
Sibling	Each of two or more children or offspring having one or both parents in common; a brother or sister	She has two siblings, an older brother and a younger sister.
Significant	Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy or remarkable	The discovery of a new planet is a significant event.
Silence	Complete absence of sound; to make or become silent or quiet	They enjoyed the silence of the countryside.
Simulate	Imitate the appearance or character of; to mimic or reproduce the features or qualities of something	The flight simulator simulates the experience of flying.
Sincere	Free from pretense or deceit; genuine; expressing or showing genuine feelings	His apology seemed sincere, and she forgave him.
Sinister	Giving the impression that something harmful or evil is happening or will happen; threatening or ominous	The dark alley had a sinister atmosphere.
Skeptical	Not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations; showing doubt or disbelief	She was skeptical about his claims.
Slack	Not taut or held tightly in position; loose; lacking in activity; slow and sluggish	She pulled the slack rope, but it didn’t budge.
Slam	Shut (a door, window, or lid) forcefully and loudly; to criticize harshly or dismissively	He slammed the door in anger.
Slap	Hit or strike (someone or something) with the palm of one’s hand or a flat object; a sharp blow or hit with the palm of the hand	He slapped the mosquito that landed on his arm.
Sleek	Smooth and glossy; having an elegant, streamlined shape or design; smooth and glossy in texture or appearance	The sleek sports car sped down the highway.
Sleuth	A detective; an investigator; to carry out a systematic search for something or to investigate	The sleuth uncovered the truth behind the crime.
Slide	Move along a smooth surface while maintaining continuous contact with it; to move smoothly and quietly in a particular direction	The children slid down the hill on their sleds.
Slight	Small in degree; inconsiderable; to insult (someone) by treating or speaking of them without proper respect or attention	She felt a slight pang of disappointment.
Slip	Slide unintentionally for a short distance; lose one’s footing or balance briefly; a sudden or careless mistake or blunder	He slipped on the wet floor and fell.
Slippery	(Of a surface or object) difficult to hold firmly or stand on because it is smooth, wet, or slimy; liable to change or instability	The icy road was slippery, making driving hazardous.
Sly	Having or showing a cunning and deceitful nature; stealthy or tricky; clever but dishonest	The sly fox outwitted the farmer’s traps.
Smash	Break or cause to break violently into pieces; hit or collide violently and forcefully; to defeat decisively	He smashed the glass on the floor in a fit of rage.
Smooth	Having an even and regular surface or consistency; free from lumps, bumps, or other irregularities; to make (something) flat, level, or even	She smoothed the wrinkles out of the fabric.
Sneak	Move or go in a stealthy or furtive manner; to move quietly and secretly to avoid being noticed; a person who acts in a stealthy or deceitful way	He tried to sneak out of the house without waking his parents.
Snug	Comfortably warm and cozy; fitting closely and comfortably; a small, comfortable or cozy place or position	They spent a snug evening by the fireplace.
Soar	Fly or rise high in the air; ascend; increase rapidly above the usual level	Prices began to soar due to increased demand.
Sober	Not affected by alcohol; not drunk; serious, sensible, and solemn in character	He looked sober and composed despite the tense situation.
Sociable	Friendly and agreeable in social interaction; enjoying the company of others; inclined to or conducive to companionship	She’s a sociable person who enjoys spending time with friends.

Words	Meaning	Example
Tackle	Make determined efforts to deal with (a problem or difficult task); to confront or deal with (a difficult situation or task)	The team must tackle these issues before the project can proceed.
Tactile	Of or connected with the sense of touch; perceptible by touch; tangible; relating to or based on the sense of touch	The artist’s sculptures are not only visually appealing but also tactile, inviting viewers to touch them.
Talent	Natural aptitude or skill; innate ability to do something well	She has a talent for playing the piano.
Tangible	Perceptible by touch; clear and definite; capable of being touched or felt; real and substantial	The benefits of the new policy are not just theoretical; they are tangible and visible.
Tangle	Twist together into a confused mass; to become twisted together in a confused mass; to involve in a complicated situation or conflict	The wires were tangled, making it difficult to unravel them.
Tantalize	Torment or tease (someone) with the sight or promise of something that is unobtainable; to excite the senses or desires by presenting something desirable but keeping it out of reach	The aroma from the bakery tantalized her as she walked past.
Tarnish	Lose or cause to lose luster, especially as a result of exposure to air or moisture; to dull the brightness of; to stain or damage the reputation of	The silverware was tarnished from years of neglect.
Taut	Stretched or pulled tight; not slack; under tension; emotionally or mentally strained or tense	The sail was taut in the wind.
Tactic	An action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end	The marketing team devised a new tactic to attract younger consumers.
Tease	Make fun of or attempt to provoke (a person or animal) in a playful way; to annoy or provoke deliberately; to entice or allure	He would often tease his little sister, but it was all in good fun.
Tedious	Too long, slow, or dull; tiresome or monotonous; causing weariness or boredom	The lecture was so tedious that many students struggled to stay awake.
Tempt	Entice or try to entice (someone) to do something that they find attractive but know to be wrong or unwise; to attract or allure	The smell of freshly baked cookies tempted her to break her diet.
Tenacity	The quality or fact of being very determined; persistence	Her tenacity in pursuing her dreams eventually paid off.
Tend	Regularly or frequently behave in a particular way or have a certain characteristic; to take care of; to look after	She tends to become anxious in crowded places.
Tense	Stretched tight or rigid; anxious or nervous; in a state of strain or suspense; expressing or referring to time in some languages	His muscles were tense from the stress of the situation.
Terminate	Bring to an end; conclude; to come to an end or cease to exist	The contract will terminate automatically after three years.
Terrific	Extremely good; excellent; causing terror or great fear	She did a terrific job on her presentation.
Testify	Give evidence as a witness in a law court; make a solemn declaration or affirmation rather than swear an oath	The witness testified that he saw the defendant near the scene of the crime.
Testimonial	A formal statement testifying to someone’s character and qualifications; an expression of appreciation or recommendation	The company received many positive testimonials from satisfied customers.
Testimony	A formal written or spoken statement, especially one given in a court of law; evidence or proof provided by the existence or appearance of something; witness	The defendant’s testimony was crucial in determining the outcome of the trial.
Testament	A person’s will, especially the part relating to personal property; something that serves as a sign or evidence of a fact or event; a covenant or agreement	His success was a testament to years of hard work.
Thorough	Complete with regard to every detail; exhaustive or comprehensive; careful and accurate	She conducted a thorough investigation into the matter.
Threaten	State one’s intention to take hostile action against someone in retribution for something done or not done; to cause (someone or something) to be vulnerable or at risk	He threatened to sue if they didn’t return his property.
Thwart	Prevent (someone) from accomplishing something; to oppose successfully; to hinder or prevent the efforts, plans, or desires of; to frustrate or foil	The security measures thwarted the attempted robbery.
Tickle	Lightly touch or prod (a person or a part of the body) in a way that causes itching and often laughter; to excite or amuse in a light-hearted or playful way	The feathers tickled her nose, making her giggle.
Tilt	Move or cause to move into a sloping position; to move or cause to move into a position where one side is higher than the other; to incline or slope	He tilted his head back to drink from the bottle.
Timely	Done or occurring at a favorable or useful time; opportune; happening at the correct or most useful time	The timely intervention of the firefighters saved the building from burning down.
Timid	Showing a lack of courage or confidence; easily frightened; shy or hesitant	She was too timid to speak up in class.
Tolerate	Allow the existence, occurrence, or practice of (something that one dislikes or disagrees with) without interference; to endure or put up with	I cannot tolerate such behavior in my classroom.
Tone	A musical or vocal sound with reference to its pitch, quality, and strength; the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.	His voice took on a soothing tone as he spoke to the frightened child.
Topple	Overbalance or become unsteady and fall slowly; cause to become unsteady and fall; to remove from power or authority; to overthrow or defeat	The strong winds toppled the trees in the forest.
Torture	The action or practice of inflicting severe pain or suffering on someone as a punishment or in order to force them to do or say something; extreme physical or mental suffering inflicted on someone as a punishment or to extract information	He was subjected to horrific torture during his captivity.
Tough	Strong enough to withstand adverse conditions or rough or careless handling; demonstrating a strict and uncompromising attitude or approach; difficult to endure or overcome	The mountain climbers faced tough conditions during their ascent.
Trace	Find or discover by investigation; to track or mark the course or position of (something)	The detectives traced the missing person’s last known movements.
Track	A rough path or road, typically one beaten by use rather than constructed; a continuous line of rails on a railroad, in which locomotives and cars move by means of their wheels	We followed the track through the forest.
Trade	The action of buying and selling goods and services; a skilled job, typically one requiring manual skills and special training; the exchange of one thing for another, typically as a commercial transaction	The trade between the two countries has increased in recent years.
Tragic	Causing or characterized by extreme distress or sorrow; disastrous or calamitous; of or relating to tragedy or tragedies	The fire was a tragic event that claimed many lives.
Tranquil	Free from disturbance; calm; peaceful and quiet; without agitation or tumult	The lake was tranquil, reflecting the colors of the sunset.
Transmit	Cause (something) to pass on from one place or person to another; to send or convey (an emotion, a power, or a signal) to a person, place, or thing	The radio transmitted the news of the victory to the entire nation.
Transparent	Allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen; (of an organization or its activities) open to public scrutiny; easily understood or seen through	The glass was transparent, offering an unobstructed view of the garden.
Trapped	Catch (someone or something) in or as in a trap; be caught in a trap; feeling confined or restricted	The mouse was trapped in the cage.
Treasure	Accumulated or stored wealth in the form of money, jewels, or other valuables; a very valuable object, person, or resource; to value highly or cherish	The pirate treasure was buried on the deserted island.
Trepidation	A feeling of fear or agitation about something that may happen; anxiety or apprehension	He felt a sense of trepidation before his first day of school.
Trial	A formal examination of evidence before a judge, and typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings; a test of the performance, qualities, or suitability of someone or something	The defendant stood trial for the alleged crime.
Trigger	Cause (an event or situation) to happen or exist; to set off; a small device that releases a spring or catch and so sets off a mechanism, especially in order to fire a gun	The sound of fireworks triggered his memories of the war.
Triumph	A great victory or achievement; a state of joy or exultation resulting from victory or success; to be successful; to win	The team’s triumph in the championship was celebrated by the entire city.
Trouble	Difficulty or problems; distress or affliction; to cause distress or agitation to; to disturb or inconvenience; to create problems or difficulties	He was in trouble for arriving late to work.
Trust	Firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something; confidence placed in a person by making that person the nominal owner of property to be held or used for the benefit of one or more others	The trust between them was built on years of friendship.
Trustworthy	Able to be relied on as honest or truthful; deserving of trust or confidence	He is a trustworthy employee who always delivers on his promises.
Try	Make an attempt or effort to do something; to subject to trial or test; to attempt to open (a door or window) in order to find out whether it is locked or not	She will try her best to complete the project on time.

Words	Meaning	Example
Ultimate	Final; last in a progression or series	Winning the championship was the ultimate goal.
Unanimous	Fully in agreement	The decision to proceed was unanimous.
Unbearable	Intolerable; too difficult to endure	The heat in the room was unbearable.
Uncover	To reveal; to make known	The investigation helped uncover the truth.
Underestimate	To undervalue; to misjudge the importance or size	Never underestimate the power of kindness.
Undermine	To weaken or damage from below	Gossip can undermine trust within a team.
Understated	Subtle; not obvious or exaggerated	Her beauty was understated yet captivating.
Unfamiliar	Not known or recognized; strange or foreign	The city’s streets were unfamiliar to me.
Unify	To bring together into a single unit or entity	The treaty aimed to unify the two nations.
Unique	One of a kind; having no equal	Each snowflake is unique in its design.
Unison	Simultaneous action or utterance	The choir sang in perfect unison.
Unity	The state of being united or joined as a whole	The community showed great unity in times of crisis.
Universal	Applicable everywhere or to all	Love is a universal language.
Unleash	To release; to set free or allow to happen freely	The company’s new product will unleash creativity.
Unprecedented	Never done or known before; without precedent	The storm caused unprecedented damage.
Unravel	To disentangle; to solve or explain	She managed to unravel the mystery.
Unusual	Not typical; out of the ordinary	His behavior was unusual for him.
Unveil	To reveal or disclose for the first time	The artist unveiled her latest masterpiece.
Unwind	To relax; to become less tense or stressed	After work, he liked to unwind with music.
Upbeat	Cheerful and optimistic in outlook or attitude	Her upbeat personality lifted everyone’s spirits.
Upgrade	To improve or enhance the quality or functionality	They decided to upgrade their software.
Uplift	To raise in position or condition; to elevate	His words of encouragement uplifted her spirits.
Urgent	Requiring immediate action or attention	The situation was urgent and needed to be addressed.
Usual	Typical; customary; habitual	She arrived at her usual time.

Words	Meaning	Example
Vacant	Empty; not occupied	The hotel had many vacant rooms.
Validate	To confirm the truth or accuracy of something	You need to validate your email address.
Value	The importance, worth, or usefulness of something	He placed a high value on education.
Vanish	To disappear suddenly or without explanation	The magician made the rabbit vanish.
Vast	Extremely large in area, size, or quantity	The desert stretched out in vast expanse.
Veil	A piece of fabric used to cover or conceal something	The bride wore a veil over her face.
Vehicle	A means of transport or conveyance	They traveled by vehicle to the city.
Veer	To change direction suddenly	The car veered off the road to avoid a collision.
Venture	A risky or daring undertaking	Starting a business is a risky venture.
Verbal	Relating to words or spoken language	He gave me verbal instructions.
Verdict	A decision or judgment, especially in court	The jury reached a guilty verdict.
Verify	To confirm the truth or accuracy of something	Please verify your identity with your ID card.
Versatile	Able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities	She’s a versatile actress who can play various roles.
Version	A particular form or variation of something	This is the latest version of the software.
Vertical	Upright; perpendicular to the horizon	The building had vertical stripes.
Vestige	A trace or remnant of something that is disappearing or no longer exists	The old ruins were the only vestige of the ancient city.
Vibrant	Full of energy and life; bright and striking	The vibrant colors of the painting caught my eye.
Vicinity	The area near or surrounding a particular place	There are many shops in the vicinity of the hotel.
Victim	A person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event	He was a victim of identity theft.
Victory	The defeat of an enemy or opponent in a battle, game, or competition	Their victory in the championship was celebrated.
Viewpoint	A particular way of thinking about or looking at something	From her viewpoint, the decision made sense.
Vigilant	Watchful; alert to potential danger or trouble	The security guard was vigilant throughout the night.
Vigorous	Strong, healthy, and full of energy	She took a vigorous approach to exercise.
Vindicate	To clear someone of blame or suspicion	The evidence vindicated him of the crime.
Vintage	Representing the best of a past time; classic	She collected vintage clothing from the 1950s.
Vital	Absolutely necessary or essential	Water is vital for survival.

Words	Meaning	Example
Wander	To move about aimlessly or without a fixed direction	They decided to wander through the forest.
Wane	To decrease gradually in size, amount, or intensity	The moon’s brightness began to wane.
Warily	Cautiously; with careful consideration	She walked warily through the dark alley.
Warranty	A guarantee or promise regarding the quality or performance of a product or service	The laptop came with a one-year warranty.
Wary	Cautious; watchful for danger or potential problems	He was wary of strangers approaching him.
Waver	To hesitate or be indecisive in making a decision	She wavered between the two options.
Weaken	To make or become weaker	The illness had weakened his immune system.
Wealth	A large amount of money, possessions, or assets	The family amassed great wealth over the years.
Weary	Tired or fatigued from exertion or strain	After the long hike, they were weary.
Wedge	A piece of material, typically triangular, used to secure or separate objects	She used a wedge to prop open the door.
Weigh	To determine the weight of something	She weighed the ingredients before cooking.
Weighty	Significant; having great importance or influence	The decision to move was a weighty one.
Whim	A sudden desire or impulse	On a whim, they decided to go to the beach.
Whimsical	Playfully quaint or fanciful	She enjoyed decorating her room with whimsical items.
Whirl	To move or spin rapidly in a circular motion	The leaves were caught up in a whirl of wind.
Whisper	To speak very softly or quietly	She whispered the secret into his ear.
Wholehearted	With complete sincerity and commitment	They gave their wholehearted support to the cause.
Widespread	Distributed over a wide area or affecting many people	The flu became widespread in the community.
Willing	Ready, eager, or prepared to do something	She was willing to help with the project.
Windfall	An unexpected piece of good fortune or financial gain	Winning the lottery was a windfall for him.
Wisdom	The quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment	He shared his wisdom with the younger generation.
Wistful	Longing or yearning tinged with sadness	She looked at the old photo with a wistful expression.
Withdraw	To remove or take away something	She decided to withdraw her support from the project.
Wither	To shrivel or fade away, typically due to lack of moisture or vitality	The flowers began to wither in the heat.
Witty	Clever and amusing in manner or expression	His witty remarks always made everyone laugh.
Wonder	To feel curiosity or admiration	They wondered at the beauty of the sunset.
Worthy	Deserving of respect, attention, or consideration	His actions proved him to be a worthy leader.
Wrestle	To struggle or fight with someone or something	They had to wrestle with the problem for hours.

Words	Meaning	Example
Xenophobia	Fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers	Xenophobia can lead to discrimination and violence.
X-ray	A form of electromagnetic radiation used for imaging	The doctor ordered an X-ray of the patient’s chest.
Xenial	Hospitable or friendly, especially to strangers	The villagers were known for their xenial nature.
Xenophile	Someone who is attracted to foreign cultures or people	As a xenophile, she loved traveling and learning about new cultures.
Xenobiotic	A substance foreign to a living organism’s normal biochemistry	The researchers studied the effects of xenobiotics on human health.

Words	Meaning	Example
Yearn	To have an intense longing or desire for something	She yearned for adventure and travel.
Yield	To produce or provide a result, product, or outcome	The farm yielded a bountiful harvest this year.
Yonder	In or at a distant place	They saw a beautiful mountain yonder in the distance.
Yawn	To involuntarily open one’s mouth wide and breathe in, often due to tiredness or boredom	He couldn’t help but yawn during the boring lecture.
Yell	To shout loudly, often in anger or excitement	The coach yelled instructions to the players.
Youth	The time of life when one is young, or the qualities or characteristics associated with being young	Youth is often characterized by energy and curiosity.
Yearning	A feeling of intense longing or desire	His yearning for her grew stronger every day.

Words	Meaning	Example
Zeal	Enthusiastic and eager pursuit of something	She tackled her new project with great zeal.
Zenith	The highest point or peak; the culmination	His career reached its zenith with the award.
Zigzag	A pattern of sharp turns or angles resembling a zigzag	The path up the mountain was a series of zigzag trails.
Zone	An area or region with a specific characteristic or purpose	The city center is a busy commercial zone.
Zoom	To move rapidly or suddenly with a buzzing or humming sound	The car zoomed past us on the highway.
Zest	Great enthusiasm or energy; excitement	She approached her work with zest and passion.
Zany	Comical or ludicrously absurd; clownish	His zany antics always brought laughter to the room.
Zillion	An extremely large, indefinite number	There are a zillion stars in the night sky.
Zephyr	A gentle, mild breeze	The zephyr rustled through the leaves in the forest.

General Topics:

• Describing People: Articulate (adj.) – fluent and clear, Gregarious (adj.) – sociable and outgoing, Stoic (adj.) – calm and unemotional.
• Places and Environments: Bustling (adj.) – full of activity and noise, Serene (adj.) – peaceful and calm, Picturesque (adj.) – beautiful and like a painting.
• Technology: Cutting-edge (adj.) – the latest and most advanced, Intuitive (adj.) – easy to understand and use, Ubiquitous (adj.) – being everywhere at the same time.

Education:

• Learning styles: Auditory (adj.) – learns best by hearing, Kinesthetic (adj.) – learns best by doing, Visual (adj.) – learns best by seeing.
• Challenges: Demanding (adj.) – requiring a lot of effort, Rigorous (adj.) – strict and thorough, Complicated (adj.) – difficult to understand.
• Benefits: Stimulating (adj.) – making you think in a new way, Enriching (adj.) – making something more valuable or fulfilling, Empowering (adj.) – giving someone confidence or control.

Environment:

• Problems: Pollution (n.) – harmful substances entering the environment, Deforestation (n.) – the destruction of forests, Climate change (n.) – long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns.
• Solutions: Sustainable (adj.) – able to be maintained at a steady level without being damaged, Renewable (adj.) – able to be replaced naturally, Conservation (n.) – the protection of natural resources.
  
  

By mastering essential vocabulary for common IELTS topics, you’ll be well on your way to achieving a high score and reaching your academic or professional goals. Now go out there and impress the examiners!

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