Chemistry vocabulary list with definitions

Chemistry vocabulary list with definitions

The world of chemistry can seem intimidating at first, filled with cryptic symbols and unfamiliar terms. But fear not, fellow science enthusiasts! This blog is your key to unlocking the language of chemistry, transforming those confusing terms into tools for understanding the fascinating world around you.

Chemistry: A science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo

Chemistry vocabulary with definitions and meaning

Abiosis

• Definition: The absence of life.
• Example: The study of abiosis helps understand environments where life cannot exist.

Acid

• Definition: A substance that donates hydrogen ions and has a pH less than 7.
• Example: Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in laboratories.

Acidic

• Definition: Having the properties of an acid; having a pH less than 7.
• Example: Lemon juice is acidic due to its citric acid content.

Affect

• Definition: To influence or make a change in.
• Example: Temperature can affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

Alchemist

• Definition: A person who practices alchemy, an ancient form of chemistry concerned with transforming matter.
• Example: Medieval alchemists tried to turn base metals into gold.

Alkaline

• Definition: Having the properties of a base; having a pH greater than 7.
• Example: Baking soda is an alkaline substance.

Alteration

• Definition: The act or process of changing or modifying.
• Example: Chemical alteration can change the properties of a substance.

Amphoteric

• Definition: A substance that can act as both an acid and a base.
• Example: Water is an amphoteric compound.

Analysis

• Definition: The process of examining the components of a substance.
• Example: Chemical analysis can determine the composition of a sample.

Anomaly

• Definition: A deviation from what is normal or expected.
• Example: An anomaly in the experiment’s results indicated a possible error.

Antigen

• Definition: A substance that triggers an immune response.
• Example: Vaccines introduce an antigen to stimulate immunity.

Apparatus

• Definition: Equipment or tools used for scientific experiments.
• Example: The chemistry lab is equipped with various apparatus for experiments.

Application

• Definition: The practical use of scientific knowledge.
• Example: The application of chemistry in medicine has led to the development of life-saving drugs.

Arrangement

• Definition: The way in which things are organized or positioned.
• Example: The arrangement of atoms in a molecule determines its properties.

Astatine

• Definition: A rare radioactive element with the symbol At and atomic number 85.
• Example: Astatine is used in some types of radiation therapy.

Atomic

• Definition: Relating to atoms.
• Example: Atomic structure determines the behavior of elements.

Atrophy

• Definition: The reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or tissue.
• Example: Muscle atrophy can occur if a limb is immobilized for a long period.

Balance

• Definition: A device used for measuring mass.
• Example: A balance is used to weigh chemicals accurately.

Base

• Definition: A substance that accepts hydrogen ions and has a pH greater than 7.
• Example: Sodium hydroxide is a common base.

Benzene

• Definition: A volatile aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H6.
• Example: Benzene is used as a starting material in the synthesis of many chemicals.

Bond

• Definition: The force that holds atoms together in a molecule.
• Example: A covalent bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Bonding

• Definition: The process of forming bonds between atoms.
• Example: Bonding determines the structure and properties of molecules.

Bromine

• Definition: A halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35.
• Example: Bromine is used in flame retardants.

Burning

• Definition: A chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of a substance.
• Example: Burning wood releases heat and light.

Carbon

• Definition: A nonmetallic element with the symbol C and atomic number 6, essential to life.
• Example: Carbon forms the backbone of organic molecules.

Carcinogen

• Definition: A substance capable of causing cancer.
• Example: Asbestos is a known carcinogen.

Catalyst

• Definition: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.
• Example: Enzymes act as catalysts in biological processes.

Cell

• Definition: The basic unit of life in biological organisms.
• Example: Cells are studied in biochemistry to understand their functions.

Centigrade

• Definition: A scale for measuring temperature, also known as Celsius.
• Example: Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade.

Chain

• Definition: A series of linked atoms or molecules.
• Example: Polymer chains consist of repeating units.

Change

• Definition: The act or process of becoming different.
• Example: Chemical change involves the transformation of substances.

Charge

• Definition: The property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electric or magnetic field.
• Example: Electrons carry a negative charge.

Chemical

• Definition: A substance with a distinct molecular composition.
• Example: Water is a chemical compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

Chlorine

• Definition: A greenish-yellow halogen element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
• Example: Chlorine is used to disinfect swimming pools.

Colloid

• Definition: A mixture where one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another.
• Example: Milk is a colloid of fat droplets in water.

Combination

• Definition: The act of combining two or more substances.
• Example: The combination of hydrogen and oxygen forms water.

Composition

• Definition: The nature of something’s ingredients or constituents.
• Example: The composition of a compound determines its properties.

Compound

• Definition: A substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded together.
• Example: Sodium chloride is a compound of sodium and chlorine.

Concentration

• Definition: The amount of a substance in a given volume.
• Example: The concentration of salt in seawater is high.

Conclusion

• Definition: The final part of something, especially a summary of results.
• Example: The conclusion of the experiment confirmed the hypothesis.

Consumption

• Definition: The act of using up a resource.
• Example: The consumption of fuel releases energy.

Crystal

• Definition: A solid material with a regular, repeating arrangement of atoms.
• Example: Salt forms crystals when it solidifies.

Current

• Definition: A flow of electric charge.
• Example: Electrical current powers electronic devices.

Data

• Definition: Facts and statistics collected for analysis.
• Example: Data from the experiment was used to draw conclusions.

Decomposition

• Definition: The process of breaking down a compound into simpler substances.
• Example: The decomposition of organic matter produces carbon dioxide.

Desalination

• Definition: The process of removing salt from seawater.
• Example: Desalination provides fresh water in arid regions.

Desiccant

• Definition: A substance that absorbs moisture.
• Example: Silica gel is used as a desiccant to keep products dry.

Determination

• Definition: The process of measuring or finding out something.
• Example: The determination of pH is essential in chemistry.

Detritus

• Definition: Waste or debris of any kind.
• Example: Chemical reactions often produce detritus that needs to be disposed of.

Discovery

• Definition: The act of finding something new.
• Example: The discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine.

Display

• Definition: To show or exhibit.
• Example: The results of the experiment were displayed on a graph.

Distillation

• Definition: The process of purifying a liquid by heating and cooling.
• Example: Distillation is used to produce distilled water.

Duality

• Definition: The quality or condition of having two parts.
• Example: Light exhibits wave-particle duality.

Dynamic

• Definition: Characterized by constant change or activity.
• Example: Chemical reactions are dynamic processes.

Efflorescence

• Definition: The migration of a salt to the surface of a porous material, forming a coating.
• Example: Efflorescence is often seen on the surface of bricks and concrete.

Electrical

• Definition: Relating to electricity.
• Example: Electrical conductivity is a property of metals.

Electrolysis

• Definition: The process of using electricity to cause a chemical change.
• Example: Electrolysis is used to extract metals from their ores.

Electron

• Definition: A subatomic particle with a negative charge.
• Example: Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom.

Element

• Definition: A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
• Example: Gold is an element with the symbol Au.

Enzyme

• Definition: A protein that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions.
• Example: Enzymes speed up metabolic processes in the body.

Equilibrium

• Definition: A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
• Example: Chemical equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

Ester

• Definition: An organic compound made by replacing the hydrogen of an acid with an alkyl or other organic group.
• Example: Esters are responsible for the fragrance of many fruits.

Examination

• Definition: The process of inspecting or testing something.
• Example: The examination of the sample revealed its chemical composition.

Ferment

• Definition: The process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms.
• Example: Yeast is used to ferment sugars in the production of beer.

Fission

• Definition: The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy.
• Example: Nuclear fission is the principle behind atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.

Fluid

• Definition: A substance that flows and takes the shape of its container.
• Example: Water is a fluid that is essential for life.

Fluorine

• Definition: A highly reactive halogen element with the symbol F and atomic number 9.
• Example: Fluorine is used in the production of Teflon.

Formula

• Definition: A set of chemical symbols showing the elements in a compound and their proportions.
• Example: The chemical formula for water is H2O.

Fractionation

• Definition: The process of separating a mixture into its component parts.
• Example: Fractionation is used in the petroleum industry to separate crude oil.

Fuel

• Definition: A material that is burned to produce heat or power.
• Example: Gasoline is a common fuel for cars.

Gas

• Definition: A state of matter with no fixed shape or volume.
• Example: Oxygen is a gas that is essential for respiration.

Halogen

• Definition: A group of elements including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
• Example: Halogens are highly reactive nonmetals.

Heat

• Definition: The transfer of thermal energy.
• Example: Heat is required to initiate many chemical reactions.

Helium

• Definition: A noble gas element with the symbol He and atomic number 2.
• Example: Helium is used to fill balloons because it is lighter than air.

Hydrocarbon

• Definition: An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
• Example: Methane is a simple hydrocarbon.

Hydrogen

• Definition: The lightest and most abundant element in the universe, with the symbol H and atomic number 1.
• Example: Hydrogen is a key component of water.

Hydrolysis

• Definition: A chemical reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water.
• Example: The hydrolysis of esters produces alcohol and acid.

Hydroxide

• Definition: A compound containing the hydroxide ion (OH−).
• Example: Sodium hydroxide is a strong base used in soap making.

Hypothesis

• Definition: A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, based on limited evidence.
• Example: The hypothesis was tested through experiments.

Impurity

• Definition: A substance that is present in small amounts and affects the properties of the main substance.
• Example: Impurities in water can affect its taste and safety.

Inactive

• Definition: Not chemically reactive.
• Example: Noble gases are generally inactive due to their full electron shells.

Inert

• Definition: Chemically inactive.
• Example: Argon is an inert gas used in light bulbs.

Inhibitor

• Definition: A substance that slows down or prevents a chemical reaction.
• Example: Inhibitors are used to prevent corrosion in pipelines.

Inorganic

• Definition: Compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.
• Example: Sodium chloride is an inorganic compound.

Inquiry

• Definition: The act of asking for information or conducting an investigation.
• Example: The scientific inquiry involved extensive research and experimentation.

Instruction

• Definition: Detailed information on how to do something.
• Example: The laboratory manual provided clear instructions for the experiment.

Interaction

• Definition: The action or influence of things on one another.
• Example: The interaction between acids and bases can produce salts.

Interactive

• Definition: Involving active participation.
• Example: The interactive simulation helped students understand chemical reactions.

Investigation

• Definition: The process of examining a subject in detail to discover facts or information.
• Example: The investigation revealed new insights into the chemical process.

Iodine

• Definition: A halogen element with the symbol I and atomic number 53.
• Example: Iodine is used as a disinfectant and in thyroid medications.

Ion

• Definition: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
• Example: Sodium ions are positively charged.

Isomer

• Definition: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.
• Example: Glucose and fructose are isomers.

Isotope

• Definition: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
• Example: Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon.

Kinetic

• Definition: Relating to or resulting from motion.
• Example: Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

Laser

• Definition: A device that emits light through a process of optical amplification.
• Example: Lasers are used in various medical and industrial applications.

Latent

• Definition: Existing but not yet developed or manifest.
• Example: Latent heat is the heat absorbed or released during a phase change.

Light

• Definition: Electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye.
• Example: Light is essential for photosynthesis in plants.

Lipid

• Definition: A group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, and vitamins.
• Example: Lipids are a major component of cell membranes.

Liquid

• Definition: A state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape.
• Example: Water is a common liquid used in many chemical reactions.

Litmus

• Definition: A dye used as an acid-base indicator, changing color in response to pH.
• Example: Litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline solutions.

Magnetic

• Definition: Having the property of attracting iron and certain other materials by virtue of a magnetic field.
• Example: Iron and steel are magnetic materials.

Matter

• Definition: Anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Example: Everything around us, including solids, liquids, and gases, is made of matter.

Measure

• Definition: To determine the size, amount, or degree of something using an instrument or device.
• Example: Scientists measure the volume of a liquid using a graduated cylinder.

Melt

• Definition: To change from a solid to a liquid state due to heat.
• Example: Ice melts into water when the temperature rises above 0°C.

Metal

• Definition: An element that is typically hard, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
• Example: Gold is a valuable metal used in jewelry and electronics.

Microbe

• Definition: A microscopic organism, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
• Example: Microbes are studied in microbiology to understand their role in disease.

Mixture

• Definition: A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.
• Example: Air is a mixture of gases including nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

Molecule

• Definition: The smallest unit of a chemical compound that retains its chemical properties.
• Example: A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.

Name

• Definition: The term used to identify a chemical element, compound, or substance.
• Example: The chemical name for table salt is sodium chloride.

Negative

• Definition: Having an electric charge characterized by the gain of electrons.
• Example: Electrons have a negative charge.

Neon

• Definition: A noble gas element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10.
• Example: Neon lights are often used in advertising signs.

Neutralize

• Definition: To make an acidic or alkaline solution chemically neutral.
• Example: Adding a base to an acid will neutralize the solution.

Neutron

• Definition: A subatomic particle with no electric charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.
• Example: Neutrons help stabilize the nucleus of an atom.

Nonn

• Definition: (No definition available, possible typo for “None” or could be “Nonmetal”)
• Example: None of the samples showed any signs of contamination.

Nuclear

• Definition: Relating to the nucleus of an atom or to the use of atomic energy.
• Example: Nuclear energy is produced through fission or fusion reactions.

Nucleus

• Definition: The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
• Example: The nucleus is positively charged due to the presence of protons.

Number

• Definition: A numerical value used to describe quantities, such as atomic number or mass number.
• Example: The atomic number of carbon is 6.

Orbit

• Definition: The path of an electron around the nucleus of an atom.
• Example: Electrons move in specific orbits or energy levels around the nucleus.

Organic

• Definition: Relating to compounds containing carbon, typically associated with living organisms.
• Example: Glucose is an organic compound found in many living organisms.

Osmosis

• Definition: The movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one.
• Example: Osmosis is crucial for maintaining cell turgor in plants.

Oxidation

• Definition: A chemical reaction in which a substance loses electrons, often associated with gaining oxygen.
• Example: Rusting of iron is an example of oxidation.

Oxygen

• Definition: A reactive gas element with the symbol O and atomic number 8, essential for respiration.
• Example: Oxygen is necessary for the combustion process.

Paper

• Definition: A material made from cellulose pulp, used in chromatography and as filter paper in laboratories.
• Example: Filter paper is used to separate solids from liquids in a mixture.

Particle

• Definition: A small portion of matter, such as an atom, molecule, or ion.
• Example: Particles in a gas move rapidly and are widely spaced.

Periodic

• Definition: Relating to the periodic table, which organizes elements by their properties.
• Example: The periodic table helps predict the behavior of elements.

Pharmacology

• Definition: The branch of science concerned with the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms.
• Example: Pharmacology is essential for the development of new medications.

Phenomena

• Definition: Observable events or occurrences that can be studied scientifically.
• Example: Chemical phenomena include reactions like combustion and photosynthesis.

Physical

• Definition: Relating to the properties and changes of matter that do not involve chemical reactions.
• Example: Physical changes include changes in state, such as melting or freezing.

Pipette

• Definition: A laboratory tool used to transport a measured volume of liquid.
• Example: A pipette is used to add precise amounts of reagents to a reaction mixture.

Pollution

• Definition: The presence of harmful substances in the environment.
• Example: Chemical pollution can contaminate water sources and harm aquatic life.

Polymer

• Definition: A large molecule made up of repeating structural units.
• Example: Plastic is a common polymer used in various products.

Positive

• Definition: Having an electric charge characterized by the loss of electrons.
• Example: Protons have a positive charge.

Power

• Definition: The ability to do work or cause change; often measured in watts.
• Example: Power plants generate electricity by converting energy from various sources.

Practical

• Definition: Relating to real-world applications or hands-on activities.
• Example: Practical experiments in chemistry labs help students understand theoretical concepts.

Process

• Definition: A series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular result.
• Example: The process of distillation separates components based on their boiling points.

Properties

• Definition: Characteristics used to describe or identify a substance.
• Example: Physical properties include color, density, and melting point.

Protein

• Definition: A large molecule composed of amino acids, essential for all living organisms.
• Example: Proteins are vital for building and repairing tissues.

Proton

• Definition: A subatomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom.
• Example: The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus determines its element.

Pure

• Definition: Not mixed with any other substance; having a uniform composition.
• Example: Pure water is free from impurities and contaminants.

Quantum

• Definition: The smallest amount of a physical quantity that can exist independently, especially a discrete quantity of electromagnetic radiation.
• Example: Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels.

Quark

• Definition: A fundamental particle and a basic constituent of matter.
• Example: Quarks combine to form protons and neutrons.

Radiation

• Definition: The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles.
• Example: Radiation from the sun is essential for life on Earth.

Radical

• Definition: A group of atoms behaving as a unit in a number of compounds.
• Example: The hydroxyl radical (OH) is highly reactive and can damage cells.

Radioactivity

• Definition: The emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.
• Example: Radioactivity is used in medical imaging and cancer treatment.

Reaction

• Definition: A process in which substances interact to form new substances.
• Example: The reaction between vinegar and baking soda produces carbon dioxide gas.

Reagent

• Definition: A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, or produce other substances.
• Example: Reagents are essential for conducting chemical tests in the lab.

Rectify

• Definition: To correct or adjust something.
• Example: The pH of a solution can be rectified by adding an acid or a base.

Reduction

• Definition: A chemical reaction that involves the gain of electrons or the decrease in oxidation state of a substance.
• Example: Reduction is the opposite of oxidation in redox reactions.

Refine

• Definition: To purify a substance by removing impurities.
• Example: Crude oil is refined into gasoline and other products.

Release

• Definition: To set free or discharge a substance.
• Example: The reaction releases a significant amount of energy in the form of heat.

Revelation

• Definition: The act of revealing or disclosing something.
• Example: The discovery of a new element was a significant revelation in chemistry.

Revert

• Definition: To return to a previous state or condition.
• Example: The solution reverted to its original color after the reaction was complete.

Salt

• Definition: An ionic compound formed by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.
• Example: Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride.

Scientist

• Definition: A person who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge.
• Example: Scientists play a crucial role in developing new medicines and technologies.

Semiconductor

• Definition: A material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.
• Example: Silicon is a widely used semiconductor in electronic devices.

Separation

• Definition: The process of dividing a mixture into its individual components.
• Example: Filtration is a common method of separation in chemistry.

Soluble

• Definition: Capable of being dissolved in a solvent.
• Example: Sugar is soluble in water.

Solvent

• Definition: A substance that dissolves another substance, forming a solution.
• Example: Water is often called the universal solvent because it dissolves many substances.

Speed

• Definition: The rate at which a chemical reaction occurs.
• Example: Catalysts can increase the speed of a chemical reaction.

Substance

• Definition: A form of matter with a uniform and definite composition.
• Example: Pure substances include elements and compounds.

Suspension

• Definition: A mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout the bulk of a fluid.
• Example: Muddy water is a suspension of soil particles in water.

Symbiosis

• Definition: A close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms.
• Example: Lichens are an example of symbiosis between fungi and algae.

Symbol

• Definition: A letter or letters representing an element.
• Example: The symbol for carbon is C.

Syneresis

• Definition: The contraction of a gel, causing the liquid to be expelled.
• Example: Syneresis is observed in yogurt when liquid separates from the solid part.

Synergy

• Definition: The interaction of elements that when combined produce a total effect greater than the sum of the individual elements.
• Example: The synergy between the two chemicals resulted in a more effective reaction.

Synthesis

• Definition: The production of a chemical compound by the union of simpler chemical compounds.
• Example: The synthesis of aspirin involves the reaction of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride.

Synthesize

• Definition: To combine various components to form a new, complex product.
• Example: Scientists can synthesize new materials with unique properties.

Systematic

• Definition: Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.
• Example: Systematic analysis ensures accurate and reliable results in experiments.

Table

• Definition: A chart or list of data.
• Example: The periodic table organizes elements based on their properties.

Temperature

• Definition: The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
• Example: The temperature of a reaction can affect the rate at which it occurs.

Theory

• Definition: A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world.
• Example: The theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time.

Titration

• Definition: A technique in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.
• Example: Titration is commonly used in acid-base reactions to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Toxin

• Definition: A poisonous substance produced by living organisms.
• Example: Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.

Transformation

• Definition: A thorough or dramatic change in form or appearance.
• Example: Chemical transformation involves converting one substance into another.

Transition

• Definition: The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another.
• Example: Transition metals are elements that have partially filled d orbitals.

Undissolved

• Definition: Not dissolved in a solution.
• Example: Undissolved sugar at the bottom of a cup indicates saturation of the solution.

Unit

• Definition: A standard quantity used in measurement.
• Example: The mole is a unit used to measure the amount of substance.

Unreactive

• Definition: Not readily participating in chemical reactions.
• Example: Noble gases are generally unreactive due to their stable electron configurations.

Uranium

• Definition: A heavy metal element with the symbol U and atomic number 92, used as fuel in nuclear reactors.
• Example: Uranium is a key element in nuclear power generation.

Valency

• Definition: The combining power of an element, especially as measured by the number of hydrogen atoms it can displace or combine with.
• Example: Carbon has a valency of four, meaning it can form four bonds with other atoms.

Validation

• Definition: The process of checking or proving the validity or accuracy of something.
• Example: Validation of experimental results is crucial for scientific research.

Value

• Definition: The numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed.
• Example: The pH value indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Vapor

• Definition: The gaseous state of a substance that is normally liquid or solid at room temperature.
• Example: Water vapor is present in the air as a part of the water cycle.

Vary

• Definition: To change or alter in form, appearance, or nature.
• Example: Reaction rates can vary depending on temperature and concentration.

Versatile

• Definition: Capable of adapting or being adapted for many different functions or activities.
• Example: Carbon is a versatile element that forms a wide variety of compounds.

Viscosity

• Definition: The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
• Example: Honey has a higher viscosity than water.

Water

• Definition: A colorless, transparent, odorless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain, and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms.
• Example: Water is essential for all known forms of life.

Weight

• Definition: The force exerted by the mass of an object due to gravity.
• Example: The weight of an object can be measured using a scale.

Xenon

• Definition: A noble gas element with the symbol Xe and atomic number 54.
• Example: Xenon is used in light-emitting devices such as flashlights and arc lamps.

Zinc

• Definition: A metal element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30, used in galvanization and alloys.
• Example: Zinc is essential for human health and is used in supplements.

Zirconium

• Definition: A metal element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40, used in nuclear reactors and as a refractory material.
• Example: Zirconium is resistant to corrosion and high temperatures.

Zymoscope

• Definition: An instrument used to measure the fermentation power of yeast.
• Example: A zymoscope can help determine the efficiency of yeast in producing alcohol.

List of Chemistry Vocabulary

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